为了加深您对于虚拟语气课件的写作认知,下面快回答给大家整理了4篇虚拟语气课件,欢迎您的阅读与参考。
虚拟语气 篇一
1) 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
2) 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气 篇二
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);
(2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如:
I would certainly go if I had time.(现在)
If it should rain,we wouldn't go out.(将来
(3)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。如:
If I had set off a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
She would / might have come if she hadn't been so busy.
If I hadn't taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.
(4)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如:
Had they time(=If they had time),they would certainly come and help us.
Should it be fine(=If it should be fine),we would go for an outing.
Were I go(=If I were you), I would go.
(4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如:
If it had rained last night(过去),It would be very cold today(现在).
If I had taken your advice(过去),I should have no trouble with the work now(现在).
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如:
I suggest that we(should)set off at once.
The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed.
I wish I were as strong as you.
I would rather that you hadn't told him.
3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.
It is requested that Professor Li(should)give us a speech.
It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.
4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go.
My advice is that we(should)send for Doctor Li.
Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?
5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;
在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother.
He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.
6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:
在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
It’s time I was going.
It’s time somebody taught you to behave yourself.
7. 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.
I wish she would change her mind.
8. had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years.
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said
she liked to stay in China.
9. would rather.
would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如:
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
10.It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了
11. 虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从旬中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有:
1) unless (除非),provided(倘若),supposing(假若),providing(倘若) , on condition that(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句,动词多用过去时。
除非你命令他做,要不他是不会做的。
He wouldn't do it unless you ordered him to.
假若你有机会出国,你会去哪儿呢?
Providing you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go?
12. so that (以便 ),for fear that(以免, 唯恐),in order that (以便),whether(不管),lest(以免),in case (假使),从句中加情态动词,有时should可省略。
他把它藏起来以免她看见。
He hid it lest she (should) see it.
我得准备点啤酒,说不定约翰会来。
I'll get some beer in case John should come.
他轻轻地进屋,以免吵醒他的同房。
He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate.
13. if only
如果表示对现在的愿望,句中的谓语动词常用过去式;
如果表示将来的愿望,句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形;
如果表示对过去的愿望,句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
if only I were you!
If only you had come yesterday!
If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!
If only I had said more about it!
only if表示“只有”;if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
虚拟语气教案 篇三
解读虚拟语气
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。虚拟语气这一语法项目几乎是四、六级必考的内容,也是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一,考生应该熟练掌握。下面从五个方面介绍虚拟语气的用法。第一部分:语气的定义和种类
第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气
第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气
第四部分:条件句中的虚拟语气
第五部分:其他几种情况下的虚拟语气
第一部分:语气的定义和种类
1 语气(mood)
语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类
⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的',用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如:
①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗?
③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊!
⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如:
①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:
①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!
虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气
一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。如:
⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?
⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运!
⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐!
⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!
⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。
(7)May the world be filled with love! 让世界充满爱!
2、用动词原形。例如:
(1).Long live the people! 人民万岁!
(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!”
(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快!
三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”)
(1).God save me.
(2).Heaven help us.
四、表命令
1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:!
3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。
(1). Work !
(2). Work harder !
(3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)
(4). You go out !
(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)
(6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not)
五、在一些习惯表达中。如:
(1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。
(2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。
第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气
第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气
一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):
从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。例:
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)
2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)
3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)
4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)
5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)
6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):
用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。例:
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.
我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.
他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
3. We wished he had spoken to us.
(wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
4. I wish you had called earlier.
(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
例题分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept
动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案
三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):
从句动词“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例:
1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)
2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)
3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)
4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)
5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起)
四)、注意:
1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如:
I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
I wish you would help me.
I wish you would stop asking silly questions.
二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:
表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order
表示“主张”的:maintain, urge
表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist
例如:
1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)
4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动
虚拟语气 篇四
虚拟语气
1) 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的。是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
2) 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
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