2018年专四原文及范文 第1篇
画鬼最易
春秋时期有一个很高明的画家，这天被请来为齐王画像。画像过程中，齐王问画家：“比较起来，什么东西最难画呢？”
画家回答说：“活动的小狗与马，都是最难画的，我也画得不怎样好。”
齐王又问道：“那什么东西最容易画呢？”
画家说：“画鬼最容易。”
“为什么呢？”
“因为小狗与马这些东西人们都熟悉，经常出此刻人们的眼前，只要画错那怕一点点，都会被人发现而指出毛病，所以难画，个性是动态中的小狗与马难画，因为既有形又不定形。至于鬼呢，谁也没见过，没有确定的形体，也没有明确的相貌，那就能够由我随便画，想怎样画就怎样画，画出来后，谁也不能证明它不像鬼，所以画鬼是很容易的，不费什么神。”
画家的高论证明：如果没有具体的客观标准，就会容易使人“弄虚作假”和“投机取巧”。唯心论最省力，因为它不受客观实际检验，能够瞎说一气，而唯物论则要理解客观实际的检验，所以很费工夫。
2018年专四原文及范文 第2篇
Students' mental health has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. Indeed, it is widely accepted that it has gained growing popularity among persons in all walks of life. There is a general discussion today about the issue of disorder in brains.
Obviously, it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent problems. Authorities in universities play a critical role in the situation. To begin with, schools, such as colleges or universities, can provide chances for the young men to ease their attention. What's more, some are physically strong, but psychological problems are able to bring potential threats. Teaches may have a chance to find them in advance. Besides, specialists in this field are to be required to make full preparation for cases in time. Facing the crisis, experts can deal with it in a professional way, which means they have more or better opportunities to save us than others. (学校)
From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions. For example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express these is a good way to release pressure. Certainly, there is little doubt that further attention will be paid to the issue.
2018年专四原文及范文 第3篇
W: Good evening listeners, this is BBC. Today, we are very delighted to have invited James Dobbins, US special representative for Afghanistan, to tell us the electoral process in Afghanistan currently. Well, James, how are you reading what's happening in Afghanistan at the moment?
女：各位听众晚上好，这里是英国广播公司。今天，我们非常高兴地邀请美国驻阿富汗特别代表詹姆斯·多宾斯向我们介绍阿富汗当前的选举进程。詹姆斯，你怎么看阿富汗当前的局面?
M: We're concerned about the trend in events. We have been concerned for some time that the electoral process hasn't been moving forward smoothly. We believe there needs to be a powerful and transparent audit of potentially dishonest ballots and we're sorry that hasn't moved forward quickly and substantially enough. We regret the preliminary announcement of results that was made yesterday. We think that was premature given that there are still a number of ballots that need to be examined and there's not yet a clear agreement on how best to do so. We do believe that...
男：我们关心的是事态的发展趋势。一段时间以来，我们一直担心选举进程没有顺利进行。我们认为，有必要对可能不诚实的选票进行有力透明的审计。我们很遗憾，这次审计不够迅速有力。我们对昨天宣布的初步结果感到遗憾。我们认为，因为仍有许多选票需要审查，而且目前还没有就审查的最佳方式达成明确的一致，这样做还为时过早。我们认为……
W: Forgive me for interrupting, James. Can I ask you why you think that announcement was made yesterday?
女：请原谅我打断你，詹姆斯。我能不能问一下，为什么你认为那个公告是昨天发布的?
M: I think it was made because the electoral institutions had previously set that date and they held to it despite advice to the contrary from the UN, from the United States, and from other voices within Afghanistan, and we think that was unfortunate.
男：我认为这是因为选举机构之前就确定了这个日期，尽管联合国和美国，以及阿富汗内部一些声音提出了反对意见，他们仍然坚持这一天发布，我们认为这很不幸。
W: Is there another reason that could be slightly more favorable, that is, they wanted to prepare the ground because if they just came out with one final result at the end of all this then it can be pretty likely that the loser, whoever it was going to be, was going to complain because they think it is unfair?
女：有没有另一个可能稍微有利一些的原因?也就是说，他们想要先做好铺垫，因为如果等到一切结束时给出最终结果，很可能无论输家是谁都会抱怨，认为这不公平。
M: I think it's our view that they didn't have a basis for preparing the ground because there's such a large number of votes that still need to be examined and that therefore any preliminary result might be more misleading than preparing the ground.
男：我认为我们的观点是，他们没有做铺垫的依据，因为还有这么多选票需要审查，而且这样任何初步结果都可能比做铺垫更容易误导人。
W: In terms now of where this goes, we've already heard some very strong, very emotional language from the camp of the man who appears to be on the losing side of all this, Dr. Abdullah Abdullah. What have you been saying to him in order to try and calm those feelings?
女：关于这件事的进展，我们已经听到了一些非常强烈、非常情绪化的言论，这些言论来自阿卜杜拉·阿卜杜拉博士，他所在的阵营似乎当前处于劣势一方。你怎样跟他聊天平复了这些情绪?
M: Well, we have heard talk about establishing a parallel presidency. We made clear that the United States and its partners are not in a position to support a divided Afghanistan. That any effort to establish a parallel presidency would make it impossible for the United States and its partners to continue their financial, economic and military support, and that the consequences for the country would be potentially quite terrible. Clearly, this is not something the Afghan population wants. It's not something they were voting for. And it's not something that they expect to happen, but it could be the consequences of an ill-considered action.
男：我们听人说过要设立并行总统制度。我们明确表示，美国及其伙伴不可能支持阿富汗分裂。如果建立并行总统制度，那么美国及其伙伴将不会继续对其提供财政、经济和军事支持，而且这对该国来说可能相当可怕。显然，这不是阿富汗人民想要的。这不是他们投票的原因。这并不是他们希望发生的事情，但行动如果欠考虑，就可能导致这样的后果。
This is the end of Part One of the interview.
这是对话的第一部分。
Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard.
根据听到的内容，回答第1到5题。
1. Which aspect of the election event is the interviewee most concerned about?
1.受访者最关心的是选举活动的哪一方面?
2. Why was the announcement made yesterday, according to the interviewee?
2.据受访者的说法，为什么昨天宣布这个消息?
3. According to the BBC interviewer, why did the electoral institutions want to prepare the ground?
3.据英国广播公司的采访者说，为什么选举机构想要做好铺垫?
4. What did the interviewee think of the BBC's reason of preparing the ground?
4.被采访者如何看待英国广播公司提出的做好铺垫的原因?
5. What is the interviewee's attitude towards establishing a parallel presidency?
5.受访者对建立并行总统制度的态度如何?
2018年专四原文及范文 第4篇
SECTION A TALK
1. seven
2. sounds
3. cognitive
4. a sound changes
5. six-month-old
6. discriminate the
7. their first birthda
8. totally equivalen
9. incredible differe
10. taking statistics
SECTION B CONVERSATIONS
Conversation One
1. According to the man, what is a British characteristic?
答案：C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language.
2. What is the second most-spoken language in the UK?
答案：B. Polish.
3. Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched?
答案：A. To help improve international trade.
to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language?
答案：D. It makes you work hard.
5. What’s the most probable relationship between the man and the woman?
答案：B. Schoolmates.
Conversation Two
6. According to Alice, what is a phobia?
答案：A. An unreasonable fear.
7. What are the chances of getting knocked off one’s bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey?
答案：C. One in fourteen million.
8. What kind of event do people tend to worry about?
答案：B. Catastrophic events.
9. Which may involve a chronic risk?
答案：D. Smoking cigarettes.
10. Why do some people enjoy risks?
答案：A. They get pleasure from risks.
婴儿的语言天赋
The Linguistic Gift of Babies
大家早上好。在今天的课上，我要讲一些你们看不到的东西。也就是：婴儿的大脑里是如何运转的。
Good morning, everyone. In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about something you can't see. That is, what's going on in the little brain of a baby.
例如，婴儿如何学习一门语言。
For example, how babies learn a language.
这是一个大家很感兴趣的问题。
It is always a question people show great interest in.
婴儿和七岁之前的儿童都是天才，七岁后就会出现系统性的衰退。
Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there's a systematic decline.
我的实验室里工作的重点就是发育的第一个关键时期，在这个关键时期，婴儿试图掌握在他们的语言中用到的音。
Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development, and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language.
我们认为，通过研究声音是如何习得的，我们将建立一个适用于语言其他方面的模型，也可能适用于儿童时期可能存在的社交、情感和认知发展关键时期的模型。
We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we'll have a model for the rest of language, and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development.
所以我们一直在通过实验来研究这些婴儿。
So we've been studying the babies by conducting an experiment.
在我们的实验中，婴儿，通常是6个月大的婴儿，坐在父母的膝盖上，我们训练他们当音变化的时候转过头去，比如从“啊”变成“咿”的时候。
During our experiment, the baby, usually a six-monther, sits on a parent's lap, and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes—like from _ah_ to _ee_.
如果他们在正确的时候这样做，黑盒子就会亮起来，熊猫就会敲鼓。我们学到了什么?
If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum. What have we learned?
全世界的婴儿就是我所说的“世界公民”。
Well, babies all over the world are what I like to describe as _citizens of the world_.
他们可以区分所有语言的所有音，不管我们测试的是哪个国家，用的是什么语言，这很了不起，因为你知道，我做不到。
They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we're testing and what language we're using, and that's remarkable because you know, I can't do that.
我们的听力受到了文化限制。
We're culture-bound listeners.
我们能分辨出自己语言的音，却分辨不出外语的音。
We can discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages.
所以问题就来了：这些世界公民什么时候会变成我们这样只能听懂某一种语言的人?
So the question arises: When do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are?
答案是：在他们一周岁之前。
And the answer: before their first birthdays.
这里是东京和美国西雅图参加测试的婴儿在转头实验中的表现，此时他们听到了“ra”和“la”，这是英语中很重要的发音，日语中却不重要。
What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States, here in Seattle, as they listened to the _ra_ and _la_ — sounds important to English, but not to Japanese.
所以在6到8个月大的时候，婴儿们的表现是完全一样的。
So at six to eight months, the babies are totally equivalent.
两个月后，一些不可思议的事情发生了。
Two months later, something, something incredible occurs.
美国的婴儿表现越来越好，而日本的婴儿表现越来越差。
The babies in the United States are getting a lot better while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.
问题是，在这两个月的关键时期发生了什么?
So the question is: What's happening during this critical two-month period?
我们知道这是辩声能力发展的关键时期，但是究竟发生了什么?
We know this is the critical period for sound development, but what's going on up there?
也许发生了两件事。
Maybe there are two things going on.
首先，婴儿们全神贯注地听我们说话，他们一边听我们说话一边做统计——他们在做统计。
The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, and they're taking statistics as they listen to us talk—they're taking statistics.
也就是说，两个婴儿听他们自己的母亲说妈妈语——我们和孩子说话时使用的通用语。
That is to say, the two babies listen to their own mother speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids.
在产生语言的过程中，当婴儿听的时候，他们所做的就是做统计，也就是说，他们听到的语言的声音分布。
During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they're doing is taking statistics, that is, sound distribution on the language that they hear.
这些声音分布不断完善，婴儿就吸收更多。
And those sound distributions grow and babies absorb more.
我们发现，婴儿对统计数据很敏感，而且日语和英语的统计数据非常非常不同。
And what we've learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different.
我的意思是，两种语言的声音分布是不同的。
I mean, the sound distribution of both languages is different.
所以婴儿会吸收语言的统计数据，这会改变他们的大脑;
So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains;
这使他们从世界公民变成了我们这些受到文化限制只能听懂某一种语言的人，因为我们成年后就不再吸收这些数据。
it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics.
当然，在这种情况下，我们认为声音分布趋于稳定时，语言的学习可能会减慢。
In this case, of course, we're arguing that the learning of language material may slow down when our distribution stabilizes.
好的。今天，我们刚刚讨论了最近的一个关于婴儿语言能力发展的项目。
OK. Today, we just talked about a recent project on babies' language development.
在下一讲中，我们将集中讨论双语者，双语者如何同时记住两组数据。
In our next lecture, we will concentrate on bilingual people, how bilinguals keep two sets of statistics in mind at once.
Conversation Two
对话2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.
根据对话2回答第6题到第10题
W: Hello, and welcome to today's program. I'm Alice.
女：大家好，欢迎来到今天的节目。我是爱丽丝。
M: And I'm Jack. Hello.
男：我是杰克。大家好。
W: Hello, Jack. You're off on holiday
tomorrow, aren't you?
女：你好，杰克。你明天休假，是吗?
M: I am and you know, and I'm dreading it. I hate flying!
男：是的，你知道，我很害怕。我讨厌坐飞机!
W: Do you? I didn't know you had a phobia— and that means a strong and
unreasonable fearof something.
女：是吗?我不知道你有恐惧症——就是对某种事物强烈而不合理的恐惧。
M: Well, I don't think this is a phobia
because it isn't unreasonable. Flying
thousands of feet upin the sky, you know,
that's not safe!
男：嗯，我不认为这是恐惧症，因为它并非没有道理。你知道，在几千英尺的高空飞行很不安全!
W: Flying is safer than you think, Jack. It's much riskier to drive or cycle to work. And, actually, risk taking is the subject of today's show!
女：乘飞机比你想象得要安全，杰克。开车或骑车上班风险更大。冒险!就是今天节目的主题!
Risk means the chances of something bad happening. For example, did you know that your chance of being knocked off your bicycle and killed during a onemile journey is the
same as your chances of winning the lottery?
风险是指发生坏事的可能性。例如，你知道一英里之内你骑自行车被撞倒撞死的几率和你中彩票的几率是一样大的吗?
M: I didn't know that.
男：我不知道。
W: Can you guess what are the chances of either of these two things happening?
女：你能猜到这两种情况发生的概率是多少吗?
M: I have no idea. One in a million?
男：我不知道。一百万分之一吗?
W: No, it's one in 14 million. You are as likely to win the national lottery from a single ticket asyou are to be knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey.
女：不，是1千4百万分之一。你中全国彩票头奖的可能性就像一英里之内你骑自行车被撞倒撞死的可能性一样大。
M: But why are we bad at assessing risk?
男：但是为什么我们不善于评估风险呢?
W: People typically fear anything which is small probability but it's extremely
catastrophicifit were to happen…
女：通常人们害怕的都是发生的可能性很小，但如果发生的话，将会是一场灾难的事情……
Recently we have another increase in these birds' virus outbreaks. People read about that.
最近这些鸟类病毒爆发事件又增加了。大家都知道这些。
And they may pay a lot of attention to that in the news but they may forget to get their flu shot.
他们可能会在新闻中注意到这一点，但他们可能会忘记注射流感疫苗。
M: That's right. We tend to worry about big or catastrophic events such as catching bird flu ordying in a plane crash because we reacte
motionally to them.
男：对。我们倾向于担心重大或灾难性的事件，如感染禽流感或飞机失事伤亡，因为我们情绪上会对它们产生反应。
W: Yeah. Catastrophic events feel like very real threats, while we tend to forget about thesmall but chronic risks that become more likely over time.
女：是的。灾难性的事件感觉起来是非常真实的威胁，而我们往往会忘记那些随着时间的推移变得更有可能发生的，小而长期的风险。
M: We do. So for example, what if there was a cigarette that killed you as soon as you smokedit?
男：是的。举个例子，如果有一根烟，你一抽完就会死，会出现什么样的情况?
Nobody would do that, would they?
没有人会那样做，对不对?
W: No, they wouldn't.
女：对，没有人会那样做。
M: But plenty of people are happy to smoke for years, and put off worrying about the healthrisksfor the future.
男：但是很多人很乐意吸烟很多年，并没有担心未来可能出现的健康风险。
W: Yes, that's a good point, Jack! People feel they are in control of risks that stretch overtime. You know, they think,_I could stop tomorrow_ or _I could smoke less_.
女：是的，说得好，杰克!随着时间的推移，人们觉得他们能够控制住风险。你知道，他们会想，“我明天可以停下来”或者“我可以少抽烟”。
But what about people who really enjoy
taking big risks— those thrill seekers out there?
但是那些真正喜欢冒险的人——那些寻求刺激的人呢?
M: People who enjoy extreme sports actually seek out danger— it gives them extremepleasure!
男：喜欢极限运动的人实际上是在寻找危险，那给了他们极大的乐趣!
If the risk is really high, it means that the pleasure needs to be equally high, or hopefully evenhigher...
如果风险真的很高，那就意味着其中乐趣需要同样高，甚至更高……
W: You're right.
女：你说的对。
PART III LANGUAGE USAGE
11. C. is believed to have been
12. D. has been maintaining
13. B. otherwise
14. C. hazy blue Virginia
15. A. the evil
16. D. are of war
17. A. its most basic
18. C. to reveal an undesirable consequence
19. B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.
20. A. a hypothesis
21. C. trial
22. B. Arguably
23. C. offset
24. D. recollection
25. B. constitutes
26. D. extra
27. A. filed
28. D. wreck
29. C. countless
30. D. maritime
PART IV CLOZE
31. M. unknown
32. B. automatically
33. F. kind
34. I. one
35. C. couple
36. N. virtue
37. E. indebtedness
38. D. goes
39. O. widespread
40. L. subscribe
PART V READING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
41. D. successful competition is essential in American society
42. B. Cause and effect.
43. C. Sarcastic.
44. A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.
45. D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.
46. C. source of funding
47. B. promote market rather than achievements
48. C. Her sister Josephine told her.
49. B. sat in an armchair all the time
50. A. She was indifferent now.
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
51. Individual freedom.
52. Some awards aren’t rewards for real achievements.
53. Some awards for sports fail to achieve positive social effects.
54. Her mood changed from distress to excitement and joy.
55. The real cause was her extreme disappointment.
2018年专四原文及范文 第5篇
The reason the chimpanzees don't do that is that they lack what psychologists and anthropologists call social learning.
黑猩猩不这样做的原因是它们不能进行心理学家和人类学家所称的社会学习。
That is, they seem to lack the ability to learn from others by copying or imitating or simply watching.
也就是说，他们似乎缺乏通过复制、模仿或仅仅是观看来向别人学习的能力。
As a result, they can't improve on others' ideas, learn from others' mistakes, or even benefit from others' wisdom.
因此，他们不能就别人的想法加以改进，不能从别人的错误中学习，甚至不能从别人的智慧中获益。
And so they just do the same thing over and over and over again.
所以他们只是一遍又一遍地做同样的事情。
In fact, we could go away for a million years and come back and these chimpanzees would be doing the same thing with the same rocks to crack open the nuts.
事实上，我们可以过100万年再来看，这些黑猩猩会用同样的石头来敲开坚果。
Okay, so what this tells us is that, contrary to the old saying, _monkey see, monkey do,_ the surprise really is that all of the other animals really cannot do that -- at least not very much.
好的，这告诉我们，与“猴子看，猴子做(有样学样)”这句老话相反，所有其他动物都不能做到这一点——至少学到的不是很多。
But by comparison, we humans can learn.
但相比之下，我们人类可以学习。
We can learn by watching other people and copying or imitating what they can do.
我们可以通过观察其他人，复制或模仿他们的行为来学习。
We can then choose, from among a range of options available, the best one.
然后，我们可以从一系列可供选择的选项中选择最好的一个。
We can benefit from others' ideas. We can build on their wisdom.
我们可以从别人的想法中获益。我们可以依靠他们的智慧。
And as a result, our ideas do accumulate, and our technology progresses.
因此，我们的想法不断积累，我们的技术不断进步。
And this cumulative cultural adaptation, as anthropologists call this accumulation of ideas, is responsible for everything around you in your bustling and teeming everyday life.
这种累积的文化适应，正如人类学家所称的，是思想的积累，与熙熙攘攘的日常生活中你周围的一切都有关。
I mean the world has changed out of all proportion to what we would recognize even 1,000 or 2,000 years ago.
我的意思是，世界在飞速变化，与我们在1000年或2000年前所认识到的世界已经完全不一样了。
And all of this is because of cumulative cultural adaptation.
所有这些都是由于累积的文化适应。
For instance, the chairs you're sitting in today, the lights in this lecture hall, my microphone, the iPads and the smart phones that you carry around with you -- all are a result of cumulative cultural adaptation.
例如，你们今天坐的椅子，这个演讲厅的灯，我的麦克风，ipad和你们随身携带的智能手机——所有这些都是累积文化适应的结果。
But, our acquisition of social learning would create an evolutionary dilemma, and the solution to the dilemma, it's fair to say, would determine not only the future course of our psychology, but the future course of the entire world.
但是，我们对社会学习能力的习得会造成一个进化困境，而这个困境的解决方案，公平地说，不仅会决定我们心理的未来走向，也会决定整个世界的未来走向。
And most importantly for this, it'll tell us why we have language.
最重要的是，它会告诉我们为什么我们有语言。
And the reason that dilemma arose is, it turns out, that social learning is visual theft.
之所以会出现这种困境，是因为，社会学习是视觉盗窃。
What I mean is, if I can learn by watching you, I can steal your best ideas, and I can benefit from your efforts, without having to put in the same time and energy that you did into developing them.
我的意思是，如果我能通过观察你来学习，我就能窃取你最好的想法，我就能从你的努力中获益，而不用像你那样投入时间和精力去获得它们。
Social learning really is visual theft.
社交学习真的是视觉盗窃。
2018年专四原文及范文 第6篇
W: Let me turn it on to the man who may end up the winner, Mr. Ashraf Ghani. What pressure, if any, are you trying to bring on him to ensure that whatever happens he tried to include Abdullah Abdullah, or Abdullah Abdullah's people in any future government?
女：现在聊聊最终可能获胜的那个人，阿什拉夫·加尼先生。如果要施压，你会给他施加什么样的压力，以确保无论发生什么，他都尽量让阿卜杜拉·阿卜杜拉(Abdullah Abdullah)或阿卜杜拉·阿卜杜拉(Abdullah Abdullah)的人加入未来的政府?
M: We're not making any assumptions about who might be the winner or who might be the loser, and we think it's premature for anybody to be doing so. We've made clear to both candidates that two things need to happen. First of all, there needs to be a robust and transparent process for determining the winner, and there's still a good deal of work to be done there. And secondly, we believe that both candidates need to begin discussing the formation of a government that would have the support of all important components and elements within the country, a government of national unity that would ensure that all of the significant sectors of Afghan society feel included.
男：我们没有对谁赢谁输做出任何假设，我们认为任何人这样做都为时过早。我们已经向两位候选人明确表示，两件事情是必须的。第一，需要有一个健全透明的过程来决定谁是赢家，而这还有很多工作要做。第二，我们认为，两位候选人都需要开始讨论组建政府的问题，这个政府将得到阿富汗国内所有重要组成部分的支持，这个政府应该是全国统一的政府，确保阿富汗社会的所有重要部门都被包括在内。
W: You're saying it's all a bit hasty to say whether one side or the other has won or lost. It is difficult, is it not, to see this result being overturned? This is a flat margin of victory at the moment -- 56 percent to 44 percent. It would be extraordinary to see the result overturned in the space of a couple of weeks.
女：你的意思是说，现在就说某一方赢了还是输了有点草率。推翻当前这个结果，不是很困难吗?目前双方差距已经不小——56%对44%。如果在短短几周内就能看到结果被推翻，那将是非同寻常的。
M: I think both candidates have agreed that there was extensive fraud in the electoral process. Both candidates have agreed that the suspect ballots need to be audited. They haven't agreed on exactly how to go about that. We believe it's the responsibility of the electoral institutions to go ahead and conduct that kind of broad audit, whether or not the candidates have agreed on every precise element of the process, they will have to do it. And we believe until they've done so it's premature to be coming to any judgments.
男：我想两位候选人都认为选举过程中广泛存在舞弊行为。两位候选人都同意对可疑选票进行审计。他们还没有就具体怎么做达成一致。我们认为，选举机构有责任进行这种审计，无论候选人是否就选举过程的每一个细节达成一致，他们都必须这样做。我们相信，在他们给出最终结果之前，现在做出任何判断都为时过早。
W: It is worrying though, isn't it? I suppose it was all too predictable that democracy is an imperfect thing in Afghanistan and that undoubtedly there has been fraud, we've heard all sorts of reports that project there have been a measure of fraud, and whoever was going to lose in this election was going to say it's been by unfair means.
女：但这很令人担忧，不是吗?假设在阿富汗的民主尚不完美，无疑存在欺诈，我们听到各种各样的信息，那里的项目是一种欺诈手段，这次选举中无论是谁输，都会说选举采用了不正当手段。
M: I agree with you that Afghanistan is a relatively new democracy. The countries at this stage of democratic development often have difficulties of this sort. That there's not a tradition of good losers in societies at this level of political development. And in that sense, the problem we face is not unparalleled. There are other countries who have gone through similar difficulties. Nevertheless, the fact is that millions of Afghans went out and voted in the expectation that their vote would count. The numerous polls indicate that most Afghans are prepared to support either candidate as the victor. That most Afghans have said that they could accept the person they didn't vote for winning the election if that was the result. So while the problems we face are not unparalleled, the Afghan voters expect something better.
男：我同意你的观点，阿富汗是一个相对较新的民主国家。处于民主发展阶段的国家经常遇到这种困难。在这样一个政治发展水平的社会里，没有“输得起”的传统。从这个意义上说，我们面临的问题并不是前所未有的。其他一些国家也经历过类似的困难。然而，事实是，数以百万计的阿富汗人去投票，期望他们的选票会有价值。众多的民意调查显示，大多数阿富汗人准备支持其中一位候选人。大多数阿富汗人说，结果出来之后，他们可以接受自己没有投票的人。因此，尽管我们面临的问题并不是前所未有的，但阿富汗选民希望看到更好的结果。
W: James, I'm so grateful to you. I hugely appreciate you answering it and answering all the other questions as well.
女：詹姆斯，非常感激你。非常感谢你回答这个问题，以及所有其他问题。
M: Pleasure.
男：很高兴来到这里。
This is the end of Part Two of the interview.
对话的第二部分到此结束。
Questions 6 to 10 are based on what you have just heard.
根据听到的内容，回答第6题到第10题。
6. What did the interviewee think both candidates need to do?
6.受访者认为两位候选人都需要做什么?
7. What was the margin of victory at the time of the interview?
7.对话时的票数差是多少?
8. Who should be responsible for dealing with fraud in the election?
8.谁应负责处理选举中的舞弊行为?
9. What does the interviewee think of the problem in the Afghan election?
9.受访者对阿富汗选举中的问题有何看法?
10. What is the interview mainly about?
10.面试的主要内容是什么?
专四专八精选好课 暖心助学
新东方好老师 手把手带学
2018年专四原文及范文 第7篇
And in any species that acquired it, it would encourage you to hide your best ideas, lest somebody steal them from you.
在任何获得这种能力的物种中，它都会鼓励你隐藏最好的想法，以免有人从你那里偷走它们。
And so some time around 200,000 years ago, our species confronted this crisis.
大约在20万年前，我们人类面临着这场危机。
And we chose to develop the systems of communication that would allow us to share ideas and to cooperate amongst others.
我们选择了开发出交流系统让我们可以分享想法，与他人展开合作。
Choosing this option would mean that a vastly greater fund of knowledge and wisdom would become available to any one individual than would ever arise from within an individual family or an individual person on their own.
做出这一选择将意味着，任何个人都能获得比单独的家庭或个人所能获得的多得多的知识和智慧。
Well, language is the result.
结果语言出现了。
Language evolved to solve the crisis of visual theft.
语言的演变是为了解决视觉盗窃的危机。
Language is a piece of social technology for enhancing the benefits of cooperation -- for reaching agreements, for striking deals and for coordinating our activities.
语言是一种社会技术，可以增进合作的好处——达成共同意见，完成交易，协调我们的活动。
And you can see that, in a developing society that was beginning to acquire language, not having language would be like a bird without wings.
你可以看到，在一个开始学习语言的正在发展的社会中，没有语言就像没有翅膀的鸟。
As I said at the beginning, language really is the voice of our genes.
正如我一开始所说的，语言确实是我们基因的声音。
But, as we spread out around the world, we developed thousands of different languages.
但是，我们散落到世界各地，发展出数千种不同的语言。
Currently, there are about seven or eight thousand different languages spoken on Earth. And then another problem occurred.
目前，地球上大约有七千到八千种不同的语言。然后另一个问题出现了。
It seems that we use our language, not just to cooperate, but to draw rings around our cooperative groups and to establish identities, and perhaps to protect our knowledge and wisdom and skills from being stolen from outside.
似乎我们使用语言，不仅仅是为了合作，而且是为了围绕我们的合作群体建立联系，建立身份，也许是为了保护我们的知识、智慧和技能不被外界窃取。
And we know this because when we study different language groups and associate them with their cultures, we see that different languages slow the flow of ideas between groups.
我们之所以知道这一点，是因为当我们研究不同的语言群体并将他们与他们的文化联系起来时，我们发现不同的语言阻碍了群体之间的思想交流。
Okay, this tendency we have, this seemingly natural tendency we have, goes towards isolation, towards keeping everything to ourselves, whereas our modern world is communicating with itself and with each other more than it has at any time in its past.
好了，我们的这种倾向，这种看起来很自然的倾向，趋向于孤立，趋向于把所有的东西都留给我们自己，而我们的现代世界更多的是在和自己交流，和彼此交流，比过去任何时候都要多。
And that communication, that connectivity around the world, that globalization now raises a burden.
这种交流，这种世界各地的联系，这种全球化现在带来了负担。
Because these different languages impose a barrier, as we've just seen, to the transfer of goods and ideas and technologies and wisdom.
因为正如我们刚才看到的，这些不同的语言对商品，思想，技术和智慧的转移造成了障碍。
And they impose a barrier to cooperation. What will be the solution?
他们给合作设置了障碍。解决方案是什么?
In a world in which we want to promote cooperation and exchange, and in a world that might be dependent more than ever before on cooperation to maintain and enhance our levels of prosperity,
当前我们希望促进合作与交流，可能比以往任何时候都更加依赖合作以维持和提高我们的繁荣水平，
I think it might be inevitable that we have to confront the idea that our destiny is to be one world with one language.
我认为我们不可避免地要面对这样一个观点：我们的宿命是同一个世界，用同一种语言。
What do you think of the solution? Okay.
你认为这个解决办法怎么样?好。
In today's lecture, I have presented to you how language shapes our humanity, what kind of dilemma social learning has created, and the possible solutions to the dilemma.
在今天的演讲中，我向你们展示了语言如何塑造我们人类，社会学习创造了什么样的困境，以及可能的解决方案。
In our next lecture, I am going to talk about lingua franca and its functions.
下一讲，我将讲通用语及其功能。
2018年专四原文及范文 第8篇
满山的翠绿，随着山势连绵起伏跌宕，绿浪在风儿的推搡下，忍俊不禁地不断舞动。
阳光是刺眼的白，像锡片，像发光发热的金属;是哪个聪明的文学大师灵感突发来以木像春而以金像秋的?又是哪个诗人说春象征生命的诞生?而夏象征生命的成长;秋象征成熟?
嗯，是的，这就是灿白。如果不知道“白花花”这词的具象，那跟着眼前的景色来逡巡。再闭上眼睛来感受，在云里，在松尖上，在满山的绿树上，就在这刺眼的白里，这样具体的“白花花”向你扑扑的压下来。
今年的春在我们这里演绎得太过短促，似乎都没春的到来夏就这样带着满腔热忱向你热情拥抱。夏，在这——我们南方的山乡僻野，是永远不会被混淆的——这热情明朗的绿海洋。让我们从热风中去认取;让我们从散发松脂香味的松干中去认取。
已经是生命中第14个夏了，却依然陶醉于这夏的绿，正如几天前在书上看到的一句话：
“依然迷信着绿”
是的，到以后的每个夏到来的时候，对于绿，我还会是这样的执迷……
简评：这是一篇写景抒情的散文，描写生动，寓情于景，情景交融，引起读者的阅读兴趣。层次分明，先后有序，富有生活气息，语言流畅，自然，结尾文约而意丰，笔淡而情浓。
2018年专四原文及范文 第9篇
传说十二生肖中，猴子和马是铁哥们一对，有事互帮两胁插刀。据史书记载，人们常用“猴年马月”比喻年岁的久远，也证明了两哥们永恒的友谊。
这天，马拉着一车沉重的货物从山顶沿着崎岖小路往山下运送。坡陡路滑地势险要，马小心翼翼地用脊背全力托住货物重量，尽量减缓车轮的速度，让货车一步一步慢慢向下移动。这是个体力活，稍有疏忽都将有毁车的危险。
正在树上玩得开心的猴子把事情经过看得真真切切，这不正是朋友最需要帮助的时候吗?猴子毫不豫犹地连蹦带跳来到车后招呼着：“马哥别急，我来帮你。”
不由分说，猴子一上前就使劲推车。这一推非同小可，车后凭空增加了推力使马猝不及防，只好顺势拉车朝坡下跑去，货车随着车轮滚动惯性增大，速度越来越快，飞一般地朝山下横冲直撞，终于失控而滚下了山谷，货车散架了，马也摔得粉身碎骨。
一旁的猴子惊呆了，它莫名其妙地望着眼前发生的悲剧，无论如何也想不通：自已只帮着推一把，这马怎么就傻乎乎地把车拉到深谷底下去了呢?
所以直到现在，当猴子独处思考问题时，还经常弄腮搔耳，据说就是想弄明白这件事故发生的原因。
点评：
一旁的猴子惊呆了，它莫名其妙地望着眼前发生的悲剧，无论如何也想不通：自已只帮着推一把，这马怎么就傻乎乎地把车拉到深谷底下去了呢?大家知道为什么吗?因为车后凭空增加了推力使马猝不及防，只好顺势拉车朝坡下跑去，货车随着车轮滚动惯性增大，速度越来越快，飞一般地朝山下横冲直撞，终于失控而滚下了山谷。这个故事告诉我们：助人为乐固然精神可嘉，但若方法失当，结果将可能适得其反。
2018年专四原文及范文 第10篇
正文写完后，都要写上表示敬意、祝愿或勉励的话，作为书信的结尾。习惯上，它被称做祝颂语或致敬语，这是对收信人的一种礼貌。祝愿的话可因人、因具体情况选用适当的词，不要乱用。(可参见下节《常用书信用语》的“祝颂语”。
结尾的习惯写法有两种：
(1在正文写完之后，转一行空两格写“此致”，再换一行写“敬礼”。
(2不写“此致”，只是另起一行空两格写“敬礼”、“安好”、“健康”、“平安”等词。
(3也可以写“平平安安”“天天开心”等词语。
2018年专四原文及范文 第11篇
Views on donating blood vary from person to person. Some people think that it is glorious to donate blood. They hold this view because the blood they have donated can be used to save the patients who are in urgent need of it. But others hold that it is foolish for people to donate blood. In their opinion, blood is very precious to one’s health and if one loses 200ml or more of blood, it will do harm to his or her health.
As for me, I agree to the first opinion. The reasons for my choice are as follows. First, while it is true that loss of too much blood is dangerous to one’s health, it doesn’t mean donating a little blood is also harmful. Doctors tell us that donating a little blood is of no harm to anyone in good health and blood plays an indispensable role in saving a seriously ill patient.
In a word, I am convinced that donating blood is glorious. As new-century college students, we are supposed to donate blood as long as our health permits. Nothing can make us happier than saving a person.
2018年专四原文及范文 第12篇
滥竽充数
古时候，齐国的国君齐宣王爱好音乐，尤其喜欢听吹竽，手下有300个善于吹竽的乐师。齐宣王喜欢热闹，爱摆排场，总想在人前显示做国君的威严，所以每次听吹竽的时候，总是叫这300个人在一齐合奏给他听。
有个南郭听说了齐宣王的这个癖好，觉得有机可乘，是个赚钱的好机会，就跑到齐宣王那里去，吹嘘自我说：“大王啊，我是个有名的乐师，听过我吹竽的人没有不被感动的，就是鸟兽听了也会翩翩起舞，花草听了也会合着节拍颤动，我愿把我的绝技献给大王。”齐宣王听得高兴，不加考察，很痛快地收下了他，把他也编进那支300人的吹竽队中。
这以后，南郭就随那300人一块儿合奏给齐宣王听，和大家一样拿优厚的薪水和丰厚的赏赐，心里得意极了。
其实南郭撒了个弥天大谎，他压根儿就不会吹竽。每逢演奏的时候，南郭就捧着竽混在队伍中，人家摇晃身体他也摇晃身体，人家摆头他也摆头，脸上装出一副动情忘我的样貌，看上去和别人一样吹奏得挺投入，还真瞧不出什么破绽来。南郭就这样靠着蒙骗混过了一天又一天，不劳而获地白拿薪水。
但是好景不长，过了几年，爱听竽合奏的齐宣王了，他的儿子齐湣（min）王继承了王位。齐湣王也爱听吹竽，但是他和齐宣王不一样，认为300人一块儿吹实在太吵，不如独奏来得悠扬逍遥。于是齐湣王发布了一道命令，要这300个人好好练习，作好准备，他将让它300人轮流来一个个地吹竽给他欣赏。乐师们明白命令后都用心练习，想一展身手，只有那个滥竽充数的南郭急得像热锅上的蚂蚁，惶惶不可终日。他想来想去，觉得这次再也混但是去了，只好连夜收拾行李逃走了。
像南郭这样不学无术靠蒙骗混饭吃的人，骗得了一时，骗不了一世。假的就是假的，最终逃但是实践的检验而被揭穿伪装。我们想要成功，唯一的办法就是勤奋学习，只有练就一身过硬的真本领，才能经受得住一切考验。