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历年四级作文 篇一

Taking Travel Dispatcher for Example

Ye Yali；Chen Xuechun

（Chengdu Textile College，Chengdu 611731，China）

Abstract: This paper introduces the basic situation of the CETTIC vocational training and analyzes the background of CETTIC Travel Dispatcher rise, also expounds the situation of the construction of CETTIC Travel Dispatcher and concrete implementation process.

关键词：CETTIC 旅行社计调师 职业技能培训

Key words: CETTIC； travel dispatcher； vocational training

中图分类号：F59 文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-4311（2011）29-0114-02

1CETTIC《旅行社计调师》兴起的职业背景

CETTIC职业培训认证是人力资源和社会保障部中国就业培训技术指导中心以新职业、新岗位、新知识、新技能、新技术、新工艺、新协作为特色的在全国不同领域不同行业开展的职业培训、师资培训、远程培训、创业培训等培训项目。

计调是旅行社食、住、行、游、购、娱等服务项目的总策划、总设计和总指挥，是旅行社中最核心最重要的岗位。在旅行社工作中计调承担着旅行社产品开发设计、旅游产品定价报价、旅游服务项目的采购，旅游活动全过程的监控等工作。计调工作有一整套的运作流程，需要经过专业培训才能上岗。目前计调人才供不应求，培养渠道不畅，旅行社本身不愿意出钱培训员工，很多高校没有开设《旅行社计调业务》课。缺乏部级计调业务操作流程和服务标准，缺乏系统化的职业培训，大多数计调没有学历，职业能力低下，靠经验和习惯操作旅游业务，制约着旅游业的健康发展。为了提高计调的从业素质、操作技能和管理能力，人保部中国就业培训技术指导中心在2010年9月首次开发了CETTIC《旅行社计调师》职业技能培训项目，目前正在全国推广实施。该项目直接面对旅行社计调岗位，培养既有一定理论基础知识，又具有一定操作技能的旅行社计调人才。

2CETTIC《旅行社计调师》职业技能培训项目的构建

2.1 旅行社计调师的申报条件旅行社计调师是指具有现代旅行社计调管理素质，掌握现代旅行社计调管理全新理念和丰富实战经验的旅行社计调人才。旅行社计调师分为助理旅行社计调师、旅行社计调师、高级旅行社计调师三个等级。2.1.1 初级的条件（具备下列条件之一）①中专、职高以上学历或同等学历的应历届学生，从事相关工作一年以上或有一年实习经验者，且按照教学大纲经系统培训80学时；②中专以上学历或同等学历的应历届学生，从事相关工作两年以上者，且按照教学大纲经系统培训80学时；③大专以上学历或同等学历的应历届学生，且按照教学大纲经系统培训80学时。

2.1.2 中级的条件（具备下列条件之一）①中专学历、相关专业毕业，从事相关行业连续工作三年以上或具备相同年限实习经历且英语达到三级以上，且按照教学大纲经系统培训100学时；②大专学历，必须在相关行业连续工作两年或具备相同年限实习经历且英语达到三级以上（提供学历证书原件、复印件和所在单位证明原件），且按照教学大纲经系统培训100学时；③本科学历层次及以上相关专业人员（含自学考试）报考，必须在相关行业连续工作一年以上或具备相同年限实习经历且英语达到四级以上，且按照教学大纲经系统培训100学时；④非本专业者，须在相关行业连续工作四年以上，且英语达到三级以上（提供学历证书原件、复印件和所在单位证明原件），且按照教学大纲经系统培训100学时。

2.1.3 高级的条件（须同时具备下列条件）相应领域工作或从事研究、教学8年以上；具有学士以上学位或中级以上职称；两位以上教授推荐；在国外刊物发表相关文章2篇以上；提供5000字以上的论文或项目系统方案设计；须按照教学大纲经系统培训120学时。

2.2 旅行社计调师的考试级别①初级。初级的申请人须通过考试以展示其专业知识水平和职业实践能力，初级考试合格者将获得人保部中国就业培训技术指导中心颁发的CETTIC《旅行社计调师》初级证书。②中级。中级的申请者须通过考试以展示其专业知识水平和职业实践能力，且持有初级证书，从业经验达到三年以上，英语达到三级以上，提供3000字以上的论文，考试合格者将获得人保部中国就业培训技术指导中心颁发的CETTIC《旅行社计调师》中级证书。③高级。高级不设统一考试，实行由专家委员评审的办法，具体申报条件：相应领域工作或从事研究、教学8年以上；具有学士以上学位或中级以上职称，两位以上教授推荐；在国外刊物发表相关文章2篇以上，提供5000字以上的论文或项目系统方案设计。达到以上要求者将获得人保部中国就业培训技术指导中心颁发的CETTIC《旅行社计调师》高级证书。

2.3 旅行社计调师的鉴定方式旅行社计调师鉴定方式可分为理论知识考试和技能考核两种。理论知识考试采取闭卷笔试方式。技能操作考核采取实际操作、现场问答等方式。由2～3 名考评员组成考评小组，考评员按照技能考核规定各自打分，取平均分为考核得分。理论知识考试和技能操作考核均可采用百分制，两门皆达到60 分以上为合格。

3CETTIC《旅行社计调师》职业技能培训项目的实施

3.1 培训目的《旅行社计调师》培训课是计调职业从业人员的必修课，是为培养学员具有计调基础知识、计调实务操作能力、计调业务管理能力而设置的。通过该课程的学习，使学员了解旅行社计调人员应具备的基本素质和日常工作内容；具备计调应该掌握的各种知识，熟悉计调常用的各种工具、合同及表格，学会制定旅游行程、对旅游产品做出正确的定价和报价；能熟练地掌握计调工作流程及计调部的各项管理工作。

3.2 培训的内容培训内容围绕“以企业需求为导向、以职业能力为核心”的培训理念，力求突出板块化教学，突出技能培训特色，满足职业技能培训的需要。培训内容分为理论和实践两个部分，理论知识包含了三大模快，第一模块旅行社计调师基础知识篇；第二模块旅行社计调师实务操作篇；第三模块旅行社计调师业务管理篇。理论教学采用旅游教育出版社出版的《旅行社计调师》培训专用教材。实践教学内容包括地接计调业务操作流程、国内组团计调业务操作流程、出境组团计调业务操作流程、专线计调业务操作流程、会展计调业务操作流程等内容。

3.3 培训的流程

3.3.1 确定培训模式旅行社计调师培训项目必须要有旅行社的参与，采取校企合作。根据培训对象的不同可以选择不同的校企合作模式。①针对高校在校学生的校企合作培训模式。培训对象是在校大学生，很多学校都没有开设《旅行社计调业务》这门课，学生既没有理论知识，也没有实践经验，培训时只能先理论后实践。如我校与四川康辉国际旅行社联合举办了第一期《旅行社计调》职业技能培训班，先在我校上完理论课，然后由四川康辉国际旅行社部分专家承担实践教学任务，学生取得《旅行社计调师》证书后由四川康辉国际旅行社负责安排工作。②针对旅行社在职员工的校企合作培训模式。培训对象均是旅行社在职员工，具有一定的理论知识和实践操作经验。现在他们需要的是系统地提升理论知识和掌握更多的操作技巧。理论课和实践课可以同时上，边讲理论边讲实践。理论知识较强的章节就由高校老师担任，实践性强的就由旅行社相关部门经理担任。如四川省中国国际旅行社《旅行社计调师》培训班全部由该旅行社员工组成，就采用了这种模式。

3.3.2 制定培训计划培训计划最好与旅行社一起共同制定。我校与四川康辉旅行社的总经理、人力资源部、办公室相关人员一起制定了培训计划。共同确定了培训内容、时间、地点及培训教师。

3.3.3 制作招生宣传资料招生宣传资料要突出办学的亮点，把办学的亮点展示在招生简章中，增加吸引力。我校在制作招生简章时突出了几个亮点：一是人保部首次开展《旅行社计调师》职业技能培训项目，我校是首批授权基地 ，二是采用校企合作办学模式，理论课由学校承担，实践课由企业承担。三是解决就业问题，学生学完规定课时后参加统一考试，合格者由人保部中国就业培训技术指导中心颁发的《旅行社计调师》证书， 学生持证书者由四川康辉国际旅行社安排计调工作。

3.3.4 多渠道组织招生工作一是利用网络招生。在学校网站上《旅行社计调师》认证培训的相关信息。二是在附近各校建立招生。三是在大学校园内张贴海报。四是通过校内老师的宣传。

3.3.5 严格执行培训计划，抓好教学的各个环节一是要求每个教师严格按照培训大纲、培训计划、培训教材进行教学；二是聘请班主任强化管理，负责每天的考勤，要求学生到课率要达到90%以上。三是通过各种方式及时与学生沟通，及时了解培训的情况，便于改进教学方法。

3.3.6 组织考务工作首先是考场环境布置，在考场门口设明显标志说明，制作横幅挂在教室，体现考试的正规性。如我校制作“CETTIC《旅行社计调师》职业培训考试成都纺专考场”横幅挂在教室外面，在考试内张贴了“CETTIC《旅行社计调师》职业培训考试规则”，并在在黑板上写了“诚信考试”等标语。二是安排考场座位，按准考证号安排考生座位，每个座位上张贴了考生准考证号，单人单座考试。三是安排监考老师，每个考室不少于两个监考老师，四是安排相关领导巡考。

4CETTIC《旅行社计调师》职业技能培训项目运作的几点体会

4.1 《旅行社计调师》培训市场前景很好从市场需求来看：《旅行社计调师》培训针对的是具体的旅行社计调岗位，它的诞生正好填补了计调没有专门培训机构的空白，受到了高校学生和旅游企业好评，市场前景很好。如四川康辉把我们的《旅行社计调师》培训班办成了他们的岗前培训班，今后用人就直接选用有《旅行社计调师》证的学生。四川国旅的一些部门经理明确表示拥有《旅行社计调师》证的人员优先录用。从员工自身的发展来看：《旅行社计调师》职业技能培训项目的诞生是对计调工作和计调员自身身份的认可，能够获取一个计调师总比当一辈子计调员要好些。所以旅行社的员工和即将从事计调工作的人员也愿意参加《旅行社计调师》培训，获取相关的证书。

4.2 《旅行社计调师》培训班必须和市场结合才有生命力《旅行社计调师》职业技能培训是针对计调岗位的，不能脱离市场，必须和旅行社联合，采取校企合作模式，由学校企业共同培养人才，实现学校培养人才与旅行社用人之间的零对接，使旅行社愿意接收参加《旅行社计调师》职业培训的学生。如果单纯地为了获取一个证书，不与旅行社合作是没有生命力的。

4.3 学校通过这种深度的校企合作可以获得很多企业的第一手资料校企合作共同举办《旅行社计调师》培训班，由旅行社专家承担实践教学，他们具有丰富的实践经验，拥有第一手资料，讲课时课把这些资料提供给学生。如四川康辉旅行社一些部门经理给学生上课时，向学生展示了该部门使用的各种表格和资料，列举了计调工作中出现的常见问题，分析了产生这些问题的原因。

历年英语四级作文 篇二

As the proverb goes,constant drops wear out the habits help pave our way to the cultivation of good habits we are frequently bewildered and baffled by temptations from the world around when we are alert and determined enough to resist these temptations can we take a right and unswerving road to success.

In our daily life,it is essential for us to be healthy lifestyle,which may consist of regular exercise and balanced diet,is what most people are pursuing in contemporary many people cannot resist the coziness of staying in and temptation of tasty but fatty food,thus giving up half way cultivating healthy habits and getting decreasingly addition,our progress in academic performance depends on good must restrain ourselves from endless and indulged,we can never maintain a good learning habit,let alone achieve academic excellence.

In summary,good habits rely on strong hearts that are not disturbed by persistence and perseverance,we are heading to success.

历年四级作文 篇三

1方法

1.1建立健全护理质量四级质控网护理文书作为对患者病情过程的观察记录是医疗机构护理质量及管理水平的重要体现，而健全的管理机构是保证护理质量及护理质量持续提高的基础冈，医院于2011年3月建立健全了护理质量四级质控网，护士为一级质控科室护士长为二级质控，医院质控小组由护理部主任任组长剧主任和2名业务知识丰富的护士长组成质控办公室主任任组长成员为专职的副主任护师，负责全院归档病历的护理文书质控。1.2制定完善护理文书质量考核标准根据《河北省医疗护理文书书写规范》制定了护理文书书写质控考核标准包括体温单、医嘱单、一般患者护理记录单I和11、危重患者护理记录单、cHA手术安全核对表、cHA手术风险评估表、手术护理记录单等考核细则标准。对护理文书书写格式及内容进行了量化细化。总考核分值100分运行病历占50分，归档病历占50分考核结果由护理部汇总与医院当月绩效考核挂钩。1.3严格实施落实四级质控网的环节管理和终末管理1.3.1护士作为护理文书书写的第一责任人要熟练掌握、严格执行护理文书规范及格式写你所做的做你所写的。护理文书是记录患者从入院到出院治疗及护理的全过程反映了护士在观察、诊疗护理过程的执业行为，以及护理工作质量具体化的记录，是衡量工作责任心、技术水平和工作好坏的依据1.3.2科室质控为二级质控护士长每天对危重、手术及新入院患者的护理记录进行检查晨会进行点评。一旦发现问题从真分析原因指导护士进行修改，tl绝隐患肪止发生医疗纠纷。1.3.3院质控小组对全院运行病历进行检查，院质控小组为三级质控质控小组每月对5个科室的病历进行抽查，每科抽查5份病历体温记录单书写绘制是否符合要求护理记录是否客观、真实、准确、及时、完整等，每月记录考核。对出现的问题在护士长例会提出指导解决共性问题制定整改措施规范护理文书书写。1.3.4院质控办公室对全院归档病历进行检查院质控办为四级质控对护理病历的检查在医院质控办公室设一名质控护士，每天把病案室收回的全院出院病历检查一遍对有缺陷的护理病历立即通知科室进行修改确保病历合格归档并记录考核，每月工作通报予以反馈。

2讨论

2.1四级质控网是提高护理文书书写质量的有力保障四级质控网涵盖了运行病历和归档病历充分发挥了护士本人、科护士长、院质控小组和质控办公室多环节、多层次的管理作用加强了护理病历的各个环节控制从而提高了护理病历质量。2.1.1一级质控以人为本，发挥各级护士管理职能。由于在质控过程中强调了护士的自查、自评，能及时发现问题随时改正，把问题和隐患消灭在萌芽状态。2.1.2二级质控护士长把护理病历质量管理纳入护理管理的重要日程海日对新入院、手术前后、危重、一级护理、特殊检查治疗等患者的护理病历作重点检查对象从而督促护士长深入病房，做好与患者和医生的沟通着于细致观察病情变化，了解掌握护理工作和护理文书做得不到位的地方在晨会上作重点点评，有利于提高护理质量减少医疗护理纠纷的发生。2.1.3三级质控护理部和各科室护士长对全院各科室护理文书书写进行全面检查及时纠正书写中的缺陷注巴各种隐患遏制在护理记录形成的过程中达到了持续提高护理质量保障医疗护理安全减少医疗纠纷的作用。通过护士长例会的反馈分析护理记录书写中存在的问题及制定相应的对策共同探讨护理文书中有分歧和争议的地方从真听取其他科室好的做法互相学习，取长补短并逐渐规范使各科室护理文书书写质量得到不断提压习。2.1.4四级质控质控办公室对所有出院病历进行检查为病历归档质量管理奠定了良好的基础保证了不合格病历不归档，每月把各科室出院病历中出现的共性和个性问题对可能造成的安全隐患和医疗纠纷进行分析、总结在全院下发工作通报中予以反馈。2.2四级质控网有利于护理文书质量的持续改进保证护理文书质量的稳定性和持续性。通过督导检查、考核、反馈、改进从而保证了护理文书书写内容客观、真实、准确、完整。每督导检查反馈一次质量就提高一个层次从而保证了护理质量的持续改进。2.3通过四级质控网的认真实施环环相扣在不断的循环往复中海次赋予新的内容及时发现问题及时改进在原有的质量基础上不断提高阎应用了PDcA循环管理形成强有力的自控、互控网络逐步规范了病历书写应用四级质控网后病历缺陷在逐年减少而合格率在逐年增加应用四级质控网对护理工作的质量管理和安全管理具有重要的意义。

作者：王俊红 单永宏 曹丽红 沈月霞 王青然 李素莉 单位：河北省冀中能源峰峰集团邯郸医院

历年英语四级作文 篇四

Your Sleeping Position and Your Personality

Everyone has got two personalities — the one that is shown to the world and →www.kaoyantv.com←the other that is secret and don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior,but when you’re asleep,your sleeping position shows the real a normal night,of course,people frequently change their important position is the one that you go to sleep in.

If you go to sleep on your back,you’re a very open normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new don’t like to upset people,so you never express your real ’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.

If you sleep on your stomach,you are a rather secretive worry a lot and you’re always easily ’re very stubborn,but you aren’t very usually live for today but not means that you enjoy having a good time.

If you sleep curled up,you are probably a very nervous have a low opinion of yourself and so You’re often ’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting prefer to be on your ’re easily hurt.

If you sleep on your side,you have usually got a well-balanced know your strengths and ’re usually have a confident sometimes feel anxious,but you don’t often get always say what you think even if it annoys people

历年英语四级作文 篇五

As can be seen clearly from the graph,the difference in the numbers of people working in thethree major employment sectors in the in the early 1980s was relatively small,with about 4 million workers in engineering,5 million in agriculture and million in theservice industries.

However,the period 1980-1990 saw significant changes in the relative sizes of these threeemployment was a rapid decline in employment in agriculture,with the numberof workers dropping by more than 80%.On the other,employment oppor tunities in the serviceindustries increased sharply,especially after 1986,whereas the engineering sectorexperienced a gradual but constant decline.

Trends in the above graph clearly indicate that the service industries will continue to employthe largest number of people at least for the next few years,while the engineering sector willneed somewhat fewer workers in the next the whole,the total number ofemployment offered in these three sectors was much smaller than ten years before and theredoesn't seem to be any likelihood for improvement in the near who aregoing to graduate soon may need to prepare to seek employment elsewhere.

英语四级历年作文真题 篇六

There is a universal phenomenon among college students that in English learning they don’t attach much importance to spelling, which can find expression in the fact that numerous mistakes will arise in their compositions.

I reckon that the primary reason why the majority of students ignore spelling in their English learning is that computers are performing increasingly important role in our daily life. Mostly, there is no need for us to use our pen or pencil when we compose an article or submit our assignments to the teachers. Therefore the students acquire more and more skills in computer operation. Yet, their spelling mistakes in their articles are accumulating.

In order to untangle the problem, we are supposed to enable students to minimize the usage of computers in our daily life, and the teachers are expected to maximize the chance for students in writing on paper.

点评

总体来讲这篇四级作文出的基本中规中矩。

从结构来看属于典型的给定观点的文章，三段论很清晰，任务很明确。能用到的语言也在我们的预测范围之内。

第一段，开头的句子我们就可以写到：Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in peoples attitude towards some traditional practice只是紧接着只需要把spelling放到后面点明即可。后面加上一句This issue has been brought into public focus and called for further concern.

第一段就圆满了。

第二段开头任务明确写原因：

开头句子给大家备好了：

A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones.

这段的内容是比较好想的，第一个原因我准备从信息角度入手，并且在内容的预测上我也是给同学们准备了信息方面的句子。

First, information is expanding at such an increasing rate that our society is called the one of information. The information is so immense that students haven t ample energy and time to deal deeply with spelling,这里我用到了很好的代词：one,和句式：so…that…既然是范文我就自己小小的发挥了一下：some computer programs, such as word ,have done the spelling checking work for us .

第二个原因：万恶考为首，

Second, the standardized-test oriented way of English learning, in which the high score can be achieved without spelling, put students to the position in which they have the quite reason to ignore spelling.

在这个句子中用到了同学们熟悉的表达：put students to the position.还很拽的`用到了一个主干隔离结构in which the high score can be achieved without spelling，一个好的单词test oriented以什么为目标。

这段也很圆满。

第三段：这段更是平淡无奇：

但开头的句子是没有问题的，我们很熟悉的开头句。

This issue may lead to a number of unfavorable consequences, with the following two the most serious.

后面有两种写法：

一种是写危害：

但是诚实的讲我认为这个现象没有什么太大的危害，但是不写的话又无话可说了。

我自己也是想了很久才想到了两点所谓的危害。

For one thing ,… for another ,这样的句子和京剧里面的亮相是一个概念。

For one thing, the information would be incorrect when conveyed by hand- writing way and cause some bad effects. For another, we may indulge ourselves in this way of inaccuracy which may influence our attitude of learning or research.

这两个危害我是憋了好久才想出来了，又不敢写的太难，大家就将就看了，

有危害总要解决下吧，咱的强项啊！

The awareness of the importance of this issue should be enhanced and some proper measures should be taken. It is reasonable for us to believe that the situation will be improved in the near future. 多棒的结尾啊！

还有一种写法就是：直接写解决的方法会简单些 ：

In view of the importance of this issue , effective measures should be taken before things get worse. For one thing, it is essential that students should be encouraged to use less automatic spelling checking tools.(回忆下上课讲的上下义词) For another, spelling should be highlighted in the English test ,such as CET-4 and CET ’s more ,the public should enhance their awareness of the importance of spelling .With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the situation of poor spelling will be improved in the near future.

针对不同的两个原因提出两个不同的解决方法。

参考范文：

Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in peoples attitude towards some traditional practice, especially in the area of English learning , one of which is less attention has been given to spelling by college students . This issue has been brought into public focus and called for further concern.

A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones. First, information is expanding at such an increasing rate that our society is called the one of information. The information is so immense that students haven t ample energy and time to deal deeply with spelling, and some computer programs, such as word ,have done the spelling checking work for us . Second, the standardized-test oriented way of English learning, in which the high score can be achieved without spelling, put students to the position in which they have the quite reason to ignore spelling.

This issue may lead to a number of unfavorable consequences, with the following two the most serious. For one thing, the information would be incorrect when conveyed by hand- writing way and cause some bad effects. For another, we may indulge ourselves in this way of inaccuracy which may influence our attitude of learning or research. The awareness of the importance of this issue should be enhanced and some proper measures should be taken. It is reasonable for us to believe that the situation will be improved in the near future.

三段的第二种写法：In view of the importance of this issue , effective measures should be taken before things get worse. For one thing, it is essential that students should be encouraged to use less automatic spelling checking tools. For another, spelling should be highlighted in the English test ,such as CET-4 and CET ’s more ,the public should enhance their awareness of the importance of spelling .With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the situation of poor spelling will be improved in the near future.

历年英语四级作文 篇七

Nowadays,there is a growing tendency that college graduates in mounting numbers choose to work as village officials after ’s attitudes towards this phenomenon differ hold the positive view while others are against my perspective,I believe that it is a wise choice.

The reason why I support them can be listed as follows: on the one hand,college graduates can contribute a lot to the development of the received formal education and professional training in universities,college graduates can help peasants master advanced spreading and introducing new concepts,they can also accelerate the development of rural gap between the city and the countryside can be gradually the other hand,college graduates themselves can also benefit a lot from being village the first place,working in rural areas with adverse environmental condition and lower living standard,they are more likely to foster a spirit of hard-working and with their peers competing for limited positions,those who work as village officials enjoy more opportunities and are more likely to bring their abilities and potential into full play.

Therefore,it is a win-win choice for college graduates to work as village officials and more graduates should be encouraged to work in the countryside.(220 words)