下面是可爱的编辑给大伙儿收集整理的宾语补足语的种类【最新3篇】,仅供参考,希望大家能够喜欢。
宾语补足语的种类 篇一
宾语补足语是英语最常用的语法现象之一,也是高考的高频考点。湖北卷的完成句子中关于宾语补足语的考查就占有很大的比例。而在全国卷里,该考点在语法填空、短文改错中将得到更普遍的体现。另外在书面表达里,这一语法现象的使用将会成为增添亮点的利器之一。
宾语补足语是什么
宾语补足语(object complement)指的是有些及物动词接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态、身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
【典例辨析】
We should spare no effort to make our school___________. (使我们学校变得怎样?)
The king appointed him___________. (国王任命他做什么?)
When we passed by the playground, we heard the students___________. (听到学生们在干什么?)
Zhao She considered Zhao Kuo___________. (赵奢认为赵括怎样?)
解析 以上典例中的句子,结构完整,但意义不完整。此时需要在宾语后添加适当的成分使得句子的意义完整。
We should spare no effort to make our school more beautiful. (补充意义)
The king appointed him the prime minister of his kingdom. (表明身份)
When we passed by the playground, we heard the students singing gaily. (弄清状态)
Zhao She considered Zhao Kuo more of a talker than a doer. (表明特征)
【一般结构】
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
We must get the work finished by 10 o’clock.
宾语补足语有哪些种类
在宾语补足语的定义中,是以“有些及物动词”为依据的,所以,在谈及哪些词或成分可以作定语从句的时候,可以按照动词的种类来作出不同的划分,也可以根据不同词的词性来进行划分。
1. 名词作宾语补足语。
常见的接宾补结构的动词有call, name, think, make, find, consider等。
典例1 翻译下列句子。
①我们发现那个小村子是一个居住的好地方。
②为了纪念他的爷爷,他的爸妈给他起名李祖。
答案 ①We find the small village a very comfortable place to live in.
②The baby’s parents named him Li Zu in honor of his grandpa.
2. 形容词作宾语补足语。
常见的动词有make, keep, get, find, wish, leave, see, consider等。
典例2 根据中文提示完成下列句子。
①Angry with what his mother did to him, he ___________(把食物留在桌上未动) on the table and went directly to school. (leave)
②He is very popular among his students as he always tried to___________(让学生感兴趣) his lectures.(make)
解析 ①填left the food untouched. angry with引导原因状语从句,句子的主句缺少谓语,“未动的(untouched)”修饰的是宾语“食物”的状态。
②填make them(the students) interested in. 此题考查使役动词make的用法。“对……感兴趣”,interested in sth,其中interested是形容词,符合make+adj作宾补的用法。
3. 介词短语作宾语补足语。
典例3 找一找。在下列句子中把宾语补足语部分用横线标出。
①The police found the lost boy in a thick forest.
②The headteachers of high schools students always monitored the whole class form the backdoor of the classroom, frightening all the students.
解析 ①The police found the lost boy in a thick forest. (表明丢孩子的具体地点)
②The headteachers of high schools students always monitored the whole class form the backdoor of the classroom(表明班主任观察学生的具体方式), frightening all the students.
4. 副词作宾语补足语。
典例4 在横线处填入恰当的副词。
①I found her___________(出去) just now.
②In ancient China, people would push those who betrayed their husbands___________(推下井中) into the well and drowned to death.
答案 ①out ②down
5. 使役动词(make, let, get, have等)接动词的非谓语形式作宾语补足语。
(1)使役动词后用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,意为“让/使某人做某事”。但这种结构变为被动语态时,不定式就必须带to。
典例5 Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents .
A. worried B. to worry
C. worrying D. worry
解析 选D。句意为“规定因小孩的行为过失家长必须受罚的法规让家长着急“,让某人做某事,makedo sth. 只有D项符合题意。
(2)使役动词后用动词的现在分词形式(即v-ing形式)作宾语补足语,意为“让/使某人/某物一直做某事”,强调动作的延续性。
典例6 Don’t leave the water while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running
C. being run D. to run
解析 选B。句意为“刷牙时不要让水一直流着”,leave是使役动词,leave sb/sth doing,让……一直……。故选B项。
(3)使役动词后用动词的过去分词形式(即v-ed形式)作宾语补足语,意为“让/使某人/某物被……”,表达的是被动的含义。
典例7 The young couple were both occupied by various matters, so they decided to___________by a wedding company. (organize)
解析 填have it organized。句意为“夫妻双方都忙,所以想让婚庆公司组织他们的婚礼”,“婚礼”和“婚庆公司”之间是被动关系。
6. 感官动词接动词的非谓语形式作宾语补足语。
(1)感官动词后用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,意为“看到/听到/发现/感觉某事/某人做……”。此处强调整件事的全过程。
典例8 They knew her very well. They had seen her___________ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew
C. was growing D. to grow
解析 选A。句意为“他们看着她从小孩子到长大成人”。因此本句感官动词seen强调的是小孩成长的整个过程,因此用seedo 的句型。故选A项。
(2)感官动词后用动词的现在分词形式(即v-ing形式)作宾语补足语,意为“看到/听到/发现/感觉某事/某人正在……”。此处强调动作正在发生。
典例9 Luo Ying heard Wang Siyu___________Mr. Zhang next office yesterday.
A. talked with B. talk with
C. to speaking with D. talking with
解析 选D。句意为“罗赢昨天听到王思雨和张老师正在隔壁办公室谈话”。听的时候王和张的谈话动作正在进行当中,因此用hear sb,doing,故选D项。
(3)感官动词后用动词的过去分词形式(即v-ed形式)作宾语补足语,意为“看到/听到/发现/感觉某事/某人被……”。此处强调宾语与宾补之间的被动关系,还可以强调动作已经完成。
典例10 I often heard the song ___________ in English.
A. to sing B. singing
C. sang D. being sang
解析 选C。“the song”和”sing”之间是被动关系,排除A项和B项;D选项是说“正听到唱英文歌”,和句中“always”相矛盾,故选C项。
7. 动词不定式(to do)作宾语补足语。
此类动词有advise 建议;allow 允许;ask 叫,请;bear 忍受;beg 乞求;cause 导致;command 命令;encourage 鼓励;expect 期待;forbid 禁止;force 迫使;get 使;hate 讨厌;leave 让;oblige 迫使;prefer 宁愿;tell 告诉;wish 希望;help 帮助;like 喜欢;order 命令;request 请求;trouble 麻烦;wait for 等待;intend 想要;mean 打算;permit 允许;remind 提醒;want 想要;would prefer 宁愿;invite 邀请;need 需要;persuade 说服;teach 教;warn 警告;would love 想要,等等。
(1)不定式作宾语补足语,否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do ...”
典例11 The teacher asked us___________so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
解析 选D。考查不定式作宾语补足语的否定式,asknot to do sth, 要求某人不要做某事。故选D项。
(2)help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。
典例12 单句改错。
We are willing to help the suffering people rebuild their home, but the government doesn’t tell us to do that.
解析 把doesn’t tell us to改为tell us not to. 很多同学会习惯性地在rebuild之前加上to,此处添加纯属画蛇添足。
(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语的几种特殊变体。
作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式,其完成形式为:to have done.
作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式,其进行形式为:to be doing.
作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个被动的动作需用被动式,其被动式为:to be done.
典例13 根据中文提示完成下列句子。
①He was known to___________(工作) for the International Olympic Committee for over 30 years. (work)
②He is believed to___________(正住在) in the Rocky Mountains in America. (live)
③He didn’t want her son to___________(被带走). (take)
解析 ①填have worked。句中“He”做主语,“was known”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由句意可知,“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前,“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语。
②填be living。句中“He”做主语,“is believed”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。
③填be taken away。句中“She”做主语,“didn’t want”作谓语,“her son”作宾语。由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。
宾语补足语是最常用的英语语法现象之一,特别是涉及到动词后接非谓语动词,更是随处可见。看似复杂多变,难以厘清,实则不然。只要分门别类地区分宾语补足语的各种情况,就能够有条理地理解和熟悉并且运用这一知识点。
宾语补足语全方位解读 篇二
有些及物动词接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,这种句子成分就称为“宾语补足语”。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合称为“复合宾语”。能够充当宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式和分词等。
一、名词作宾语补足语
常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, elect, name, think, make, find, choose等。
例如:We call Li Ning the prince of gymnastics. 我们称李宁为体操王子。
They find Tom a clever boy. 他们发现汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。
We made Li Lei our monitor. 我们选李雷当班长。
二、形容词作宾语补足语
常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, make, wish, leave, think等。
例如:Let’s keep our classroom clean. 让我们保持教室清洁。
The workers find the manager’s advice acceptable. 工人们发现经理的建议可接受。
Kind?hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. 好心的父母已经不知不觉地让他们的孩子们失去了抵抗失败的能力。
三、副词作宾语补足语
常用作宾语补足语的副词有down, up, here, there, home, in, inside, out, outside, anywhere等。
例如:Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. 天气恶劣的时候,尽量把你的宠物放在家里。
Mr. Wu drove us home. 吴先生开车送我们回家。
Have you seen him anywhere? 你有没有在哪见过他?
四、介词短语作宾语补足语
介词短语作宾语补足语常表示宾语所处的状态。
例如:Make yourself at home. 请随便,别拘束。
We treat him as our good friend. 我们把他当作好朋友。
五、动词不定式作宾语补足语
充当宾语补足语的动词不定式有三种情况:
1. 带to的动词不定式
接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有allow, advise, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, get, tell, like, want, invite, permit, persuade, order, want, warn, wish等。
例如:Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites. 红色会导致人们的血压上升和增强人们的食欲。
Circumstances do not permit me to help you. 情况不允许我帮助你。
I advise you to listen to teachers’ lectures attentively at school. 我建议你在学校要认真听老师讲课。
Father has warned me to stand on my own legs after leaving school. 父亲已经告诉我了,毕业以后必须自立。
【经典例析1】(2012上海卷)As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed into the sports club.
A. going B. to go
C. go D. gone
【解析】答案选B。考查非谓语动词作补足语。allow sb. to do sth.的被动结构是sb. be allowed to do sth.,故答案为B项。
【经典例析2】(2012江西卷)Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken
C. to speak D. to have spoken
【解析】答案选C。本题考查invite sb. to do sth.结构,其被动语态为sb. be invited to do sth.,排除A、B项;而to have done表示已经完成的动作,不合本题逻辑。
2. 不带to的动词不定式
接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有“使役动词”(let, make, have)和“感官动词”(see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to)等两大类。
例如:I often hear him sing in his room. 我经常听见他在房间里唱歌。
例如:Warned of danger in the street at night, she had to go home with a friend following her. 她被告知晚上街上有危险,她得找个朋友跟她一起回家。
The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked. 吸烟的数量越多,患心脏病的风险就越大。
With only 20 minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station. 还只有20分钟火车就开了,我在去火车站的出租车里感到不安。
【经典例析8】(2012辽宁卷) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.
A. to follow B. following
C. followed D. follows
【解析】答案选B。with的宾语后面可接形容词、副词、分词、动词不定式、名词等作宾补,本题pet dog与follow构成主谓关系,所以用following。动词不定式表示将来的动作,不合本题逻辑,排除A项。
练一练
单项选择。
1. Passengers are permitted _______ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A. to carry B. carrying
C. to be carried D. being carried
2. Claire had her luggage ________ an hour before her plane left.
A. check B. checking
C. to check D. checked
3. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.
A. reminding B. to remind
C. reminded D. remind
4. I have a lot of readings ________ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete
C. completed D. being completed
5. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________ with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing
C. to amuse D. to be amused
6. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period of time.
A. improved B. improving
C. to improve D. improve
解析“宾语补足语” 篇三
何为“宾语补足语”?在英语中,有些及物动词接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要一个其它的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。这种句子成分就称为“宾语补足语”。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合称为“复合宾语”。能够充当宾语补足语的大致有:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式和分词等。它们是中学阶段常见的充当宾语补足语的形式。
一、名词作宾语补足语
常用于引导名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, find, choose等。如:
We call the dog Eddie.我们叫这只狗埃迪。
They find Tom a clever boy.他们发现汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。
We made Li Lei our monitor.我们选李雷当班长。
二、形容词作宾语补足语
常用于引导形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep, make, wish, leave, think等。如:
Let’s keep our classroom clean.让我们保持教室的清洁。
We all wish you happy.我们都希望你快乐。
Do you think his idea right?你认为他的想法对吗?
三、副词作宾语补足语
常用作宾语补足语的副词有down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如:
Let him in, please.请让他进来。
Mr Wu drove us home.吴先生开车送我们回家。
Have you seen him anywhere?你有没有在哪见过他?
四、介词短语作宾语补足语
介词短语作宾语补足语常表示宾语所处的状态。如:
Make yourself at home.请随便,别拘束。
I found a cat under the table.我发现桌子底下有只猫。
We treat him as our good friend.我们把他当作好朋友。
五、不定式作宾语补足语
充当宾语补足语的不定式有三种情况:
1.带to的不定式
要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, like, want, invite, order, warn等。如:
The teacher asks us to work hard.老师要求我们努力学习。
He wants me to help him.他想让我帮助他。
The doctor warned him not to smoke.医生告诫他不要吸烟。
2.不带to的不定式
要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有“使役动词”――let, make, have 和“感官动词”――see, hear, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等两大类。如:
I often hear him sing in his room.我经常听见他在房间里唱歌。
He often makes us laugh.他经常令我们大笑。
3.可带to 也可不带to 的不定式
动词help 引导的宾语补足语可带to 也可不带to。如:
She often helps her mother (to) do some housework.她经常帮她妈妈做家务。
六、分词作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语的分词又分为现在分词与过去分词两种情况:
1.现在分词作宾语补足语――表示动作正在进行。如:
I saw them playing football.我看见他们正在踢足球。
Can you hear the birds singing in the tree?你能听见鸟儿在树上歌唱吗?
2.过去分词作宾语补足语――表
示宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动的关系。如:
I had my bike mended yesterday.昨天我请人修理了自行车。
This morning I found the window broken.今早我发现窗户坏了。
The boss hopes the work finished by Friday.老板希望在星期五之前完成这项工作。
以上是六类常见的宾语补足语形式。除此之外,还有以下两种复合宾语的形式:
A.“形式宾语(it)+宾语补足语(adj.)+真正的宾语(to do sth.)”。如:
I found it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语很难。
He thinks it silly not to forgive others for their mistakes.
他认为不肯原谅别人的过错是愚蠢的。
B.“宾语+从句(作宾语补足语)”。 如:
Call me what you like.你喜欢叫我什么就叫我什么。
He has made the factory what it is like today.他使这个工厂成为现在的样子。