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中国梦英语作文(推荐优秀10篇

中国梦,我们的梦,每个人的梦想汇聚而成。下面是高考家长网整理的10篇中国梦英语作文(推荐,如果对您有一些参考与帮助,请分享给最好的朋友。

中国梦英语作文 篇一

Our president Xi first came up with the view chinese the chinese dream,is a constant the history of the Chinese nation 100 years the dream of power and uemitting exploration,shows a picture of the world national revival.

Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream everyone talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the Chinese Dream. We all believe that this dream will come true in the future. I also talked about my own dream. I have always wanted to be a only can doctors save people’s lives but also they are doing a respectable realize my dream, I must try to study hard from now on. I must learn as much as I can so that I can become a doctor. Only in this way can I accomplish my goal.

中国梦英语作文 篇二

Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream. Inspired by President Xi’s Chinese Dream, everyone talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the Chinese Dream. We all believe that this dream will come true in the future.

I also talked about my own dream. I have always wanted to be a doctor. Not only can doctors save people’s lives but also they are doing a respectable job. Doctors can also help people to live a better life with their professional knowledge.

To realize my dream, I must try to work hard from now on. I must learn as much as I can so that I can get into a good medical college, where I can prepare myself adequately for the job of a doctor. Only in this way can I accomplish my goal.

中国梦英语作文 篇三

"The mountains and rivers only in my dream, the motherland for many years not close ... ..." how magnificent lyrics, how the hearts of words, this song carrying the number of exotic compatriots love the country love ah, we rejoice for the motherland, Motherland crying, but also proud of the motherland, for the motherland can be put down everything, no matter how we can not change the patriotic heart of sinking.

Taobao founder Ma, "test hero" Li Zhonghua, "grassroots" star Wang Xu, Liu Gang ... ... they all boarded the stage of dreams, their success is from time to time practice out, their success is in the Tears and sweat under the birth. My dream is also destined with sweat and tears can not be separated, my dream, the Chinese dream!

I was shocked when I saw the scientists who had created one of the world's most important inventions. Since then, I have thought that after growing up and these scientists have to create one after another invention for the benefit of the human world, to bring convenience to human life. I would like to invent an "automatic tracker" as long as the owner to enter what you want to find things, it can show where this thing, and it is clear which country which city which which district which which building which layer which room where The This "automatic tracker" can not only find something but also find someone! Although this is my dream, but after growing up, I want to turn it into reality.

In the eyes of many people, I want to achieve this dream is impossible, but I will insist, hard, do not give up, even in the pursuit of dreams on the road constantly touch the nail, fell somersault, I will get up, continue to move forward.

My dream is a scientist, is for the benefit of China, for the benefit of the world, for the benefit of mankind.

中国梦英语作文 篇四

当有人问我:你的中国梦是什么?我会毫不犹豫的回答:当一个好医生。

The reason why I want to be a doctor is that I wantto save people’s lives as possible as I can.

我当医生的原因就是为了救助更多的人。

When I was young, I had a terrible car accident. Thanks to the doctors, they brought me backto life.

当我年纪还小时,我遇到了很严重的车祸。多亏了医生,把我从死亡线上救了回来。

From then on, to be a good doctor has always been an inspiration to me.

从那时起,要当一个好医生的梦想就一直激励着我。

I will study hard to make sure that my dream will come true in the future.

我一定要努力学习,在不久的将来实现自己的梦想。

Chinese dream is made up of every ordinary people’s dreams.

中国梦由每个普通人的梦想组成。

We should do our best to make our dream come true.

中国梦英语作文 篇五

High school is regarded as the best time in a person's life. As a senior three student, I will graduate very soon. Now, I have many things to share with you.

Firstly, I would like to show my thanks to those people who help and care about me, especially my teachers, parents and friends Without their help and advice, my life would be different. Secondly, it's time to say sorry to classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood.

Communication and smiles act as bridges to friendship. Above all, I've made up my mind to make an effort to study, for I believe hard work is the key to success. Just as the old saying goes, "no pains, no gains."

Finally I hope that all the younger students can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no men.

When someone asks me: What is your Chinese dreamI will answer it without thinking twice: to be a good doctor. The reason why I want to be a doctor is that I want to save people’s lives as possible as I can. When I was young, I had a terrible care accident. Thanks to the doctors, they brought me back to life. From then on, to be a good doctor has always been an inspiration to me. I will study hard to make sure that my dream will come true in the future.

Chinese dream is made up of every ordinary people’s dreams. We should do our best to make ourdream come true.

Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream. Inspired by President Xi’s Chinese Dream, everyone talked about his understanding of the Chinese Dream. We all believe that this dream will come true in the future.

I also talked about my own dream. I have always wanted to be a doctor. Not only can doctors save people’s lives but also they are doing a respectable job. Doctors can also help people to live a better life with their professional knowledge.

To realize my dream, I must try to work hard from now on. I must learn as much as I can so that I can get into a good medical college, where I

can prepare myself hard for the job of a doctor. Only in this way can I achieve my goal。

中国梦英语作文 篇六

Last night, I and my friends to see the school first class, show is hosted by wang2 xiao3 ya aunt and uncle dena. The show's 2010 theme is "my dream, China dream". They invited to jet li, the grass, jack ma, liu wei, Yang Mengheng, jaycee chan, zhang ziyi and others.

What impressed me most is uncle li, his father died, on business depends on him for the family. He had a lot of dreams, and even once dreamed of going to beihai park watering the flowers. When he was 10 years old, has finally established his fighting for my life's dream, that is to take martial arts champion, uncle li so far have a dream is to see China's tai chi kung fu to foreign countries, but the purpose is very simple, that is to make mother happy. Dena host, said that the . President Richard Nixon has praised li kung fu, and asked him to do the President's private security guards, and said something very touching words: jet li, "I want to be the whole of China billion bodyguards!"

In the guest in the program, I remember wei and Yang Mengheng, they are all armless boy, a distinction, playing the piano with their feet a write with feet to go to the sun yat-sen university. And the grass is a life in the mountains, love to dance big sister, until one day, there was a dance teacher on the mountain to recruit students, her dream was to have the opportunity to achieve.

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中国梦英语作文 篇七

【关键词】 《红楼梦》、狭义翻译过程、比较与赏析

狭义的翻译过程,是指翻译者对具体文本的转换活动过程,即译者将出发语文本转换成最终目的语文本的过程,译者的理解与再表达是这一过程的两个基本步骤。近年来,不少翻译家或者翻译研究者在理论层面上,对翻译过程进行过比较系统的研究。这些研究不同于一般的经验总结,其目的在于通过对翻译过程的多角度思考,对翻译过程中所涉及的各种要素之间的矛盾有进一步的认识,进而为处理这些矛盾提供理论依据;同时对整个翻译过程的步骤进行科学的分析,从理论上探讨可行的翻译之路。

其中,比较成熟的理论有以下几种。朱纯深将翻译过程视作一个三维的过程,着重考察三维的意义从原作到译作的转化情况,以及意义的三维之间的相互关系;余光中从翻译和创作的关系的角度来探讨翻译的心智活动过程和创作的心智活动过程之间的相似性;叶君健则从翻译过程中译者的主体性发挥的角度来探讨理解与“再解释”过程中一个译者的活动空间与原则;罗杰?T?贝尔则对翻译过程进行了模式化的探索;司显柱借助功能语言学理论,不再仅仅局限于静态的语言转化,而是将原作者和译者都置于一定的语境之中,分析外部因素对翻译过程的作用和影响;法国释意学派建立了独特的翻译过程,即:理解原文、脱离原语语言形式、用另一种语言表达理解了的内容和领悟到的情感;乔治?斯坦纳提出了“理解即翻译”著名论断,认为“阐释的运作”包括四步,即“信任”、“侵入”、“吸收”、“补偿”。

伟大不朽的古典现实主义作品《红楼梦》是我国古典小说艺术成就的最高峰。提起我国古典小说《红楼梦》的英译本,大家最熟悉的恐怕就是我国著名翻译家杨宪益和戴乃迭夫妇的合译本《红楼梦》(The Dream of Red Mansions),以及前英国牛津大学教授大卫?霍克斯的《石头记》(The Story of The Stone)。这两种版本的共同之处在于译者们将原书得一百二十回都完整无缺的译出来,不同于其他的节译本或者选译本。两个译本都在中外译坛上名声显赫。杨世昌称杨译本是“目前几个英译本中最完备最正确的译本”,而霍译本也被称为“译文全是流畅的英文”。两个英译本的问世,达到了《红楼梦》翻译活动前所未有的高度。张培基高度赞扬杨译本和霍译本,并称赞它们“是两个值得推荐的英译本,两种新译本的诞生,今后必将为我们翻译界以及外语教学工作提供大量值得借鉴和揣摩的范例”。两个英译本的问世,更是重新激起了翻译界对《红楼梦》翻译的兴趣。

本文从狭义翻译过程的角度,来评析杨译本和霍译本在《红楼梦》翻译活动过程,对于翻译的两个方面——理解和表达——的不同认识和运用。因篇幅有限,故此处只以第三十四回---黛玉吐真情---为例,旨在通过对不同译本的比较与赏析,来加深对狭义翻译过程的认识与理解。

例1.题目 情中情以情感妹妹 错里错以错劝哥哥

杨译本:Moved by Affection,Baoyu Moves His Cousin. A Wrong Report Makes Baochai Wrong Her Brother.

霍译本:A wordless message meets with silent understanding , and a groundless imputation leads to undeserved rebukes.

杨译本和霍译本在题目的翻译上,都显示了他们对《红楼梦》内容准确而深入的理解。理解原文正是翻译过程的第一步,也是基础。在忠实于原文的基础上,杨译本和霍译本都追求了译文的平仄适宜,对称工整。很显然的是,杨译本更符合中国人的思维方式,他总是力图保证翻译的中国味儿,把原汁原味的中国文化的内涵与精髓介绍到西方去。而霍译本则是顺应英国人的思维习惯,力图翻译的流畅得体,使《红楼梦》成为一本英国人喜爱阅读的消遣性小说。

例2.宝玉半梦半醒,都不在意。忽又觉有人推他,恍恍惚惚听得有人悲戚之声。

杨译本:Half sleeping and half waking,he paid only scant attention.But then he left himself shaken and caught the faint sound of sobbing.

霍译本:in his half-dreaming,half-awake state he was having the greatest difficulty in attending to what they were saying,when suddenly he felt someone pushing him and became dimly aware of a sound of weeping in his ear.

在这一句的翻译中,杨译本比霍译本要简洁许多。“宝玉半梦半醒,都不在意。”这句话,杨译本生动又形象。上文提到金钏儿过来哭诉,宝玉半梦半醒之间不理会,杨译本只是简洁了用了pay scant attention这个词组,而霍译本却用了have the greatest difficulty in attending to what they were saying,我认为此处有些赘余了。翻译家叶君健提出“做翻译,要了解原作者的感觉,只能从他的作品的字面上去推测,去领悟字里行间所蕴含的精神和意义。”曹雪芹先生在表达宝玉这种感受时,应该是想表达宝玉在那种半梦半醒、迷迷糊糊、恍恍惚惚的状态之下,不在意周围环境的声音,这一感觉是不自觉的,是生理上的自然状况。没有宝玉的主观能动性在里面。但是霍译本给人的的感觉是,宝玉努力想听清,但因为梦境的打扰,不能听清,霍克斯教授在翻译时掺杂了宝玉的主观性。我觉得这一点和英国人的习惯表达密切先关。西方人在表达自我时,大体都有一种强烈的主观能动性在里面。

例3.此时黛玉虽不是嚎啕大哭,然越是这等无声之泣,气噎喉堵,更觉得厉害。

杨译本:Daiyu was not crying aloud.She swallowed her tears in silence till she felt as if she would choke .

霍译本:Daiyu’s sobbing had by this time ceased to be audible;But somehow her strangled,silenting weeping was infinitely more pathetic than the most clamorous grief.

这句话的翻译,我认为霍译本比杨译本生动的多。无声之泣比嚎啕大哭的感动效果更强烈。杨译本没有翻译出来个意思,杨先生只是简单的表达了黛玉哭的要呛到了才停止流泪,并没有涉及到这个无声之泣和嚎啕大哭的效果对比。霍译本则是运用了比较级来直接的译出来了无声之泣要比嚎啕大哭更感动宝玉。我觉得两种译法都有些欠缺,杨译本和霍译本都没有译出那种悲戚的婉约之美。

从以上的例子可以看出来,不管是杨译本还是霍译本,他们翻译时首先是理解原文的意思。这里既有原文表面的意思也有其内涵包含的意思。正如翻译家叶君健所说,要“去领悟字里行间所蕴含的精神和意义。”其次,翻译的第二阶段—表达阶段更为复杂。译者的表达受多方面因素影响。如译者驾驭目的语的能力,译者本身的文化背景,译者的思维习惯等等。杨氏夫妇翻译红楼梦总是力图保持原作的原汁原味,把中国文化元素介绍到西方。霍克斯翻译红楼梦,则力图使译文符合英国人的思维习惯,保证译文的流畅可读。

综上所述,尽管不同翻译家对翻译过程的认识侧重点不同,或者研究方向不同,所借鉴的理论和研究方法不同,但是他们对狭义翻译过程的认识从本质上来说是一致的。也即:译者的理解与表达是翻译过程的两个基本步骤。在这两个步骤中,理解总是先于表达,是一切翻译活动的前提。正确的理解原文不仅要理解原文内容,更要领悟字里行间所蕴含的精神和意义。恰当的表达更是受到诸多因素的影响。如果把写作比成自由舞蹈,那么翻译就是带着手铐脚镣在跳舞,而且还要跳的优美。从这个意义来说,翻译是一门永无止境的艺术。

中国梦英语作文 篇八

There is a kind of thing, carrying the people's desire for thousands of years, it is transparent, it has a pair of invisible wings, in people's hearts, quietly sprouting, it wants to share a, it was recited by generations of people, it has A beautiful name, it is called - dream. The following are the same as the "

Xi Jinping chairman nearly 25 minutes of speech 9 times mentioned "Chinese dream". What is the Chinese dream? Chinese dream, is to make every kind of young people to make unremitting efforts to get a better life. Through hard work, diligence, courage and determination towards prosperity. The following are the same as the "

For nearly a thousand years, China has a dream, we have a dream. Because of the dream, the dream of the Chinese nation Millennium dream come true; because the dream, Yuan Longping grandfather made a great achievement in agriculture; the same blue sky, the same dream, facing the sun to catch the sun is a test hero Li Zhonghua dream, Dreams have made millions of great success, dreams, great ones. The following are the same as the "

Dream is the compass of the ship; the dream is the compass of the traveler; the dream, like the sun, in the hearts of everyone forever, is the heart of the direction. The following are the same as the "

Everyone must have a dream, give a well-known character deeds, Yuan Longping grandfather said: "I have done a dream, dream of hybrid rice stems like sorghum as high, spike like a broom as big as rice The string, I and my assistant a walk in the rice fields, in the rice below the cool.

Filled with Yuan Longping's dreams and hopes, hybrid rice in China and the world's land on the planting and harvest, a dream to create such a fabulous miracle. The hearts of a dream, you will be in the hearts of the courage to move forward, and strive to overcome everything, maybe you will not succeed, but you behind the effort, you are more happy than others, you are a promising person, you have vitality, Ordinary people who spend a different life, regardless of success and failure, you experience a different life, you will fly dream, you will always be a successful person. There is no soul is no soul, there is a saying that the good: the poor do not mean penniless people, but that there is no dream of people. The following are the same as the "

Everyone has a different dream, when we fail, cheer up, accompanied by a firm belief in their own healing! Where to fall from where to get up! Insist that there is a dream there is success, step by step, go forward, when the other side of the victory to reach, you will find that every footprints are flashing golden light. The following are the same as the "

I want to be a doctor, save the dying, reduce the pain of the patient, while their own happiness. I remember forever that people who admire me - forever white warrior: Ye Xin. She put the risk to their own, the safety given to others, rescue SARS patients, in order to avoid excessive contact, she always consciously assume the work, and sometimes even off the door, not to allow other medical staff involved. That day, Ye Xin rescue patients unfortunately infected, but still did not forget the mission and responsibilities. After the first day of illness on the hospital to visit the leader said the first sentence is: "Dean, sorry, I did not complete the task, by the infection, to the hospital trouble!

中国梦英语作文 篇九

关键词 双关语 平行研究 平行文本 《红楼梦》人名

中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A

曹雪芹在其所著的《红楼梦》中,对个中人物赋予了颇有深意的姓名,即使是具有一定文化背景的中国读者,也不是读过一次就能完全领会得了的,这大概也是“红学”至今仍旧蓬勃发展的一个原因。

曹先生可谓将双关语运用到了极致,这种信手拈来的娴熟在让人拍案叫绝的同时,也给《红楼梦》的英译造成了不可避免的遗憾,应该说,在遥远的大洋彼岸,无论是 A Dream in Red Mansions 还是 The Story of the Stone,都无法在所谓的“红楼梦舞曲”的规则下从容起舞,其中,人名双关语的翻译便是一个不算小的障碍。本文从平行研究角度,对《红楼梦》人名双关语的英译进行初步探析。

双关语作为一种特殊的修辞现象及文化现象,广泛存在于英汉语中。而说起“平行研究”这一概念,其属于比较文学美国学派的主要理论观点之一。通俗地说,平行研究是把并无直接关系的不同民族文化,在主题、题材、文体、情节、人物形象、风格特点等文学内部的诸多方面实际存在的类同和差异作为研究重点。而在本文中,笔者拟将《闪灵》(Shining,史蒂芬·金著)、《红字》(The Scarlet,霍桑著)作为平行文本,通过与《红楼梦》人名双关语进行对比研究,从而进一步开辟其英译策略。

1 REDRUM 与 回文句

“REDRUM”一词出现在《闪灵》中。小男孩丹尼在酒店期间,不断看到奇异的幻觉,然后便在母亲的房间门口写下含义不明的“REDRUM”一词。其实,这个词并不是英文单词,所以温迪(丹尼的妈妈)看了之后也不明白;后来,在丹尼大叫“REDRUM”时,正值失去理智的杰克(丹尼的爸爸)拿起斧头砍向妻子的房门,温迪从镜子中看到丹尼写下的“REDRUM”,反过来竟然是“MURDER”(谋杀)!(注:REDRUM 的音标为 ,若换做中文,即使知晓字的含义,也未必会读,原因在于,英语是字母文字,一个字母代表一个音素,只要懂得 48 个音标,基本上便可读出单词,而汉语是由偏旁部首合成的象形文字,会写未必会念。)

而在《红楼梦》十二钗的判词中,针对林黛玉的,便有一句:玉带林中挂,金钗雪里埋。其中的“玉带林”若反过来,恰好是林黛玉。因此,在翻译《红楼梦》中人物姓名时可适当运用“回文”的翻译策略,既很好地应用了英语词汇易于灵活创造这一点优势,又能够巧妙含蓄地将《红楼梦》人名的内涵通过游戏这一种方式表现出来。

2 《红字》中的“拆白道字”

将一个字拆成一句话,这便是中国“拆白道字”的意思。在清代钱彩在《说岳全传》中,有此一段故事:那岳爷心中有事,睡在床上,不觉心神恍惚。起身开门一望,但见一片荒郊,蒙陇月色,阴气袭人。走向前去,只见两只黑犬,对面蹲着讲话。

这即是拆白道字的一个精彩例子:两犬对言,影射的是一个“狱”字,便是暗指岳王爷日后入狱,命丧风波亭。

而在霍桑的《红字》中,同样可以找到与之相同的地方。其男主人公亚瑟· 丁梅斯代是一位才华横溢的神学家,如果把他的姓氏 Arthur 与名字 Dimmesadale 的首字母 A 和 D 放在一起,我们会发现,两个字母 AD 正好是 Adltery(通奸罪)的两个首字母。这也就是预示丁梅斯代将会是一个犯了通奸罪的人。

另外,对于《红楼梦》中的贾府“四春”,元春、迎春、探春与惜春,其寓意“原应叹息”我们都是明了的。因此,或许我们可以依照上述这种拆白字的方式定义“四春”的英文姓名,其中“春”字可遵循粤语的发音 chuen(因许多汉语文化词均依照粤语规则音译为英语,如 tea、coolie、及 tofu 等等,这里作如此处理,既保留了汉语风韵,又能够最大程度地贴合英语构词形态),依次为 Sychuen、Ilychuen、Gychuen 及 Hychuen,如此一来,四人名字的首字母组合到一起,即为“SIGH”,叹息之意。

3 《红字》中的谐音双关语

双关语可分为两种,一为语义双关语(上文即为此种类型),一为谐音双关语,对于这一种双关语,霍桑在其作品《红字》中亦有相关示例。

《红字》中的女主人公海丝特·白兰年轻懵懂时嫁给了嫁给了年老体衰、畸形阴郁的奇林沃斯,而后与激情澎湃的牧师丁梅斯代偷食禁果,产下珠儿。从她的名字 Hester Prynne 的构思中可以发现,其中 Hester 是 Haste 的谐音词,Haste 意味着草率、轻浮,而 Prynne,则与 Prurient(渴望的、的)发音相近。再者,请看Roger Chillingworth(罗杰·齐林沃斯),这个人的道德素质实在不敢恭维,而他的名字 Roger,则与 Rogue(无赖、恶棍)发音相近。

而在《红楼梦》中,那个贾雨村心仪的丫鬟娇杏姑娘,可谓真的是“侥幸”之至,但曹先生却赋予其“娇杏”二字,既衬托出了女子的年少妩媚,亦对其命运作出暗指。而那个抱了甄英莲去看社火花灯,最后致其走失的霍启,其姓名同样别有深意:霍启,即祸起之意。可见中国人对于姓名双关语,总不会像欧美国家那般大张旗鼓地写出来,我们总是喜欢含蓄一些。而霍克斯先生则直接地将霍启译为“Calamity”,其实哪个人能够称自己为“灾祸”呢?即使是阴险奸诈的明朝大宦官李进忠,也要给自己取个光明磊落的好名字“魏忠贤”。故我们或许可以仿效英语谐音词那样,称霍启“Caramidy”,娇杏“Forcheen”。

4 总结

通过上述对平行文本中双关语的分析比较,再结合《红楼梦》中的人名双关语,我们可以发现,英汉人名文化中仍旧有许多共同点。

与此同时,我们也应注意到,因英汉语言构词差异,很多有趣的双关语依旧无法在两种语系中完好地转译,如《搜神记之二五三》中,写道:“禾失为秩,虽曰失之,乃所以禄也。”而丁往道教授也只能按照字面翻译成:“loss” and “rice”form the word “salary”。英语读者难免会生出疑惑,为什么“大米”加上“失去”就成了“薪水”呢?

语言学家萨佩尔说过,每一种语言本身都是一种集体的表达艺术。其中隐藏的一些审美因素,如语音、节奏、象征及形态是不能和任何别的语言全部共有的。

因此,我们能够做的,应该是通过将语言文字与本民族的民俗、传统联系在一起进行考证研究,将英汉语言文化中的共同点无限放大,以便尽可能地为这种语言游戏提供更好的、更有效的翻译策略。

参考文献

 潘文国。从英汉语“嵌字诗”说起——谈文字游戏对语言对比研究的意义.外国语言文学研究,2003.3(4).

 王玲。《红字》中的人名寓意解析.时代文学,2010(1).

 陈煜。谐音文化与言语交际.内蒙古农业大学学报,2004(4):123-124,127.

 杨仕章。论谐音及其功能.中国俄语教学,1998(3):30-35.

 李华。言语谐音现象初探.深圳大学学报,2002(4):110-114.

 李晋荃,王希杰。谐音:从修辞到文化.杭州师范学院学报,1996(3):100-106.

 黄雷。中英文广告“双关”修辞法探析.西江大学学报,2000(1): 56-59,69.

中国梦英语作文 篇十

[关键词] 宗教价值观;个人主义精神;跨文化交际

在当今世界的一切艺术形式中,电影集文学、音乐、表演、舞蹈、美术、摄影于一体,深受人们的喜爱。它综合地反映了自然与社会、文化与历史、科学与艺术、宗教与道德等丰富的内容,包罗人间万象,涉及了人类生活的方方面面,用语言和视觉符号打破了地域、民族、文化和职业的界限,是人类文化的重要组成部分,也构成了许多人生活经验的重要组成部分。

“文化”一词常常被人使用,但人们并不清楚它所指的究竟是什么,这一抽象概念有多种含义,迄今为止,还没有一个统一的、被人们普遍承认的定义。但总的来说,对文化的基本特征和理解可表示如下:文化主要是指那些既存在于人的行为中,又存在于其精神和物质产品中的构想、信念、观念和世界观所组成的一个系统。价值观构成了深层的隐性文化,是人的行为准则,是人们判断是非的标准。

一、经典英语电影展现出的文化价值观

电影并不是由“与价值观无关”的审美规范和形式原则构成的,它也蕴含着一种意识形态,体现出了特定的文化。社会与文化影响并制约着电影,他们永远是电影取之不尽、用之不竭的源泉;同时电影又充当了文化的记录者和传播者,它兼容着其他艺术的知识含量和文化弹性,展现了历史文化的变迁,人类思维方式的延展变化,蕴含着丰厚的文化底蕴,是了解民族、文化的最佳媒介。经典的英语电影向我们传递出了英语国家的价值体系、人际关系、生活方式、道德观念等一系列核心的深层隐性文化价值观,本文重点从宗教价值观和个人主义精神两方面进行探讨。

(一)浓厚的宗教价值观

美国现代派文学大师艾略特认为,文化在本质上是一个民族宗教的化身,文化的出现与发展无不是与宗教联系在一起的。马林洛夫斯基也说过:“凡有文化必有宗教。”尽管这一观点有失偏颇,但我们从中却可以看到宗教在西方文化中的重要地位。宗教对西方文化的影响无处不在,深深影响着其公民的人生取向、伦理规范、价值判断和精神坐标。自从宗教产生以来,它就与哲学、文学、艺术相互交织,电影以一种新的艺术形式出现时,就深深地烙上了宗教的印记。英语电影中的宗教(基督教)价值观通常以直接宣扬和间接诠释两种形式表现。

1.对基督教信仰的直接宣扬

直接来源或改编自《圣经》的电影作品包括如下一些,如《万世流芳》《耶稣降生记》《基督的最后诱惑》《耶稣受难记》《创世纪》《大卫传》《马太福音》等,数目众多,不胜枚举。这些摄制于不同历史时期,内容各有侧重的圣经或宗教电影所展示和宣扬的基督教信仰精神已成为西方文化价值观不可分割的重要组成部分。

被美国国家电影保护局列为政府收藏作品的,1956年由西席地密尔执导的影片《十诫》,就是直接改编自《圣经》故事。《圣经•出埃及记》载,《十诫》是耶和华所授,并命摩西颁布施行。内容是:不许拜别的神;不许制造和敬拜偶像;不许妄称耶和华名;须守安息日为圣日;须孝父母;不许杀人;不许奸淫;不许偷盗;不许作假见证;不许贪恋他人财物。《摩西十诫》被称为人类历史上第二部成文法律,体现了平等的“人神契约”精神:谁要毁约,谁就会受到上帝的惩罚;同时,人民也有“神不佑我,我即弃之”的权利。它作为西方文化中最早的宗教戒律之一,经历了从旧约到新约再到世俗化的演变,深深影响了西方文化中的社会道德、行为观念和政治法律等。

2.用主题和人物对的间接诠释

另一种类的电影从内容上或人物设置上与圣经故事并无直接关系,但其主题和人物角色所承担的任务却是对圣经教义的间接诠释。科幻大片《骇客帝国》其实就是一个基督教寓言,用象征性的虚构人物和故事表现了基督教信仰。片中主人公姓名尼奥的英文原名(Neo)和英语中耶稣基督的另一个名字(the One)拼写字母是一样的,他的一生是按照耶稣基督的故事设计的。像耶稣一样,尼奥被选定为人类的救世主;尼奥身边最亲近的人中的一个(西弗尔)为了个人利益背叛了他;尼奥必须做出巨大的牺┥――牺牲自己的生命来换取其他人的幸福。此外,和耶稣一样,尼奥被杀了,但是又复活了,复活以后他有了坚不可摧的不朽身体。

这类影片试图重申圣经中的宗教教条或意在引起新一轮的道德讨论,而其主题对现代西方社会而言犹如一剂警世良药。电影可以重建人与现实的关系,因而带有一种宗教意味上的救赎性质,而在艰难的行动中以受苦来进行救赎正是美国电影中宗教价值观的灵魂所在。

(二)强烈的个人主义精神

西方社会中的个人主义和我国文化中认为的那种自私自利,损人利己,一切从个人出发的思想和行为完全不同。西方尤其是美国文化中的个人主义主要强调的是个人的独立性与创造力,任其自由发展,不受或少受社会、政治势力等的钳制。这一文化概念和“美国梦”的提法有异曲同工之妙。美国梦是一种相信只要在美国经过不懈的奋斗便能获致更好生活的理想,亦即人们必须通过自己的工作勤奋、勇气、创意和决心迈向繁荣,而非依赖于特定的社会阶级和他人的援助。在现代西方社会文化中,个人主义精神包含几个要素:人人都有成功的机会;成功取决于自己的才能和努力,而不是家世和背景;人人都拥有平等的权利;人人都有信仰的自由。

1.机会均等和独立自主

美国的缔造者把个人主义精神写进了美国的宪法,个人主义把机会均等和独立自主的观念在社会中广泛传播。美国人对机会均等有着很深的认识。许多移民来到这里都是因为不堪自己国家种族问题、阶级等级制度等多方面的不平等,这片大陆也使所有人都深深相信只要通过自己勤劳的双手就能达成自己的梦想。“美国梦”是一个被众多美国人普遍信仰的信念,机会均等是“美国梦”的灵魂,勤奋、坚忍不拔和独立自主是实现“美国梦”的必要条件。

电影《阿甘正传》中的阿甘,《风雨哈佛路》中的丽兹,《当幸福来敲门》中的克里斯,就是机会均等背景下通过个人努力取得成功的典型代表。三位主人公都非出自望族,甚至可以说是身世卑微,阿甘还身有残疾。他们尝尽世态炎凉,但却从未丧失锐意进取的奋斗意识,他们满怀无限的希望,自强不息、勤奋努力、坚持不懈,坦然面对与承受社会和生活所施加的种种磨难。主人公们用内心的自由、美国文化中的平等观念和他们积极向上、独立自主的人生态度,才造就了普通人的“美国梦”。

2. 无往不胜的个人英雄主义和美国至上思想

美国式英雄主义情结所表现的其实是以个人存在为基本前提的美国文化和价值观念核心,个人成功是“美国梦”文化内涵的精髓和终极体现。在具备机会平等、独立自主和艰苦奋斗这些元素之后,只有再加上个人成功才意味着完整的“美国梦”。

诸多美国电影的经典之作如《洛奇》《碟中谍》系列、《真实的谎言》等都向观众传达出了强烈的个人英雄主义情结,即能够拯救人类、拯救地球的都是个体英雄,而非某个群体,影片突出的都是个体,即“我”的成就。甚至连《木兰》和《功夫熊猫》这种充满大量东方元素的影片也没能走出美国式英雄主义的藩篱。在《功夫熊猫》中,太郎逃脱牢笼之后,师父无可奈何,功夫五侠的联手在太郎面前不堪一击,倒是阿宝使出了自己悟出来的无需拈指大法彻底解决了太郎,拯救了和平谷的父老乡亲,最终成就了阿宝的梦。这一情节正是宣扬个人英雄主义的最好例子,而五侠的失败也隐喻了西方价值观对集体主义的贬抑。

另外,在《地心抢险》《绝世天劫》《华氏911》和《2012》等影片中,当面对危机和灾难时,只有人类才能充当英雄解救自身,而这个“人类”的代表,理所当然地为西方国家尤其是美国充当。这和二战后美国全球范围内霸主地位的获得和实力的急剧扩张密不可分,也使得当代英语电影暗藏文化霸权主义,成为西方文化价值观传播和渗透的工具。

二、英语电影中的文化价值观对语言学习者跨文化交际意识和能力的影响

语言学习中的语言知识获得、言语技能发展、语言的社会使用都是在文化交融、文化渗透、文化冲突中进行的。真实的语言环境对于难得有机会在英语国家生活的英语学习者来说大有裨益,电影作品帮助创造真实的语言环境,通过学生的视觉向学生脑中输入鲜明而完整的立体表象,能最大限度地调动视、听感觉器官在学习中的作用,使学生的注意力高度集中,从而产生出强烈的学习和运用语言知识的要求。

电影作品也可以给学习者提供学习所需的动因,促使他们更加专注于获取所学语言知识的欲望,提高了学习者的学习兴趣和实际运用外语的能力。在接触了大量的语言和文化价值观的交际语素后, 为他们进入真正的交际环境做好了准备。

三、结 语

在全球化时代,英语是全世界范围最普及和最具影响力的语言,也是中国人在跨文化交际中使用的主要语言。经典的英语电影作品为观众提供了接触和了解西方尤其是美国国家社会文化的语言和影像资料,在呈现其日常生活交际的真实情景和鲜活语言的同时,也呈现出大量非语言行为的文化情景以及道德价值观。因此,通过观赏英语原声电影作品来学习和借鉴西方文化,不但对提高英语学习者的语言交际能力有很大的帮助,而且也是提高其跨文化交际能力的有效途径。

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