考研英语独立主格句子(英语独立主格语法)

英语独立主格语法

名词+ing,跟逻辑主语是主动关系， Time permitting, we will go out to have a picnic

名词+done，跟逻辑主语是被动关系。 Walk down, he went home.

名词+to do，表示将来。 His friends to come ,he was very excited.

名词+介词短语。 The teacher came in, book in hand.

名词+adv. Class over,children went out of the classroom.

名词+adj. Whether cold outside ,we had to make a fire.

英语语法独立主格结构讲解

1.“名词/代词+不定式”结构

由不定式构成的独立主格 结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态，在句中常作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语。例如：

His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.

他的朋友今晚要来，他正忙着准备晚餐。

2.“名词/代词+现在分词”结构

现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。“独立结构”中的being或 having been有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。例如：

The man lay there,his hands trembling.

那个男子躺在那儿，双手在颤抖。

3.“名词/代词+过去分词”结构

过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。例如：

he boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.

男孩仰卧着，双手交叉放在头下。

4.“名词/代词+名词”结构

名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。例如：

Many people joined in the work,some of them women and children.

许多人参加了这项工作，其中有些是妇女和儿童。

5.“名词/代词+形容词”结构

形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。例如：

The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.

地面很湿,我们只好在外面呆一会儿。

6.“逻辑主语+副词”结构

副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。例如：

The meeting over, we all went home.

会议结束，我们都回家了。

7.“逻辑主语+介词短语”结构

介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。例如：

The teacher came in,a book under his arm.

老师在他的胳膊下夹着一本书进来了。

8.“with/without”引导的独立主格结构

A woman got on the buswith a baby around her arms.

一位妇女抱着一个婴儿上了公共汽车。

英语独立主格语法是什么

独立主格结构在英语中非常重要，其作用相当于一个状语从句，多用于表示方式、行为、伴随等情况，有时也用于表示时间 、条件、原因等情况。

1 名词（代词）+现在分词结构

例句：Weather permitting, we will go out for a walk tomorrow morning.天气允许的话，我们明天早晨出去散步。

2 名词（代词）+过去分词结构

例句：More time given, we should have done the job better.

如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更完美。

3 名词（代词）+不定式结构

例句：A meeting to be held tomorrow, I can’t stay up late tonight.明天要开会，我今晚不能晚睡。

4 名词（代词）+形容词

例句：The class over, we all went out to play games

下课了，我们都出去做游戏了。

5 名词（代词）+介词短语

例句：A book in hand, the teacher entered the classroom.

拿着一本书，老师走进了教室。

6 名词（代词）+副词

例句：Palms outward, the thief held up his hands.

掌心向外，小偷举起了双手。

英语语法中独立主格的含义和用法

Time permitting,I will go there.

He came in,book in hand.

There being no bus,he had to go home on foot.

He went shopping,his nose red.

He had to stay here,a lot of homework to do.

They are listening carefully,the headmaster outside.

英语 独立主格

独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）　　独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。　　独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。　　独立主格结构的功能　　独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：　　1) 表示时间　　The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。　　Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。　　2） 表示条件　　The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。　　3） 表示原因　　There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。　　He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。　　4） 表示伴随情况　　Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)　　常见的独立主格结构有如下几种： 　　1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如： 　　The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 　　Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 　　2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如： 　　The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 　　Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。　　3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如： 　　He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 　　They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。 　　4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如： 　　An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 　　So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 　　5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如： 　　He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 　　The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。　　6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如： 　　The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 　　Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 　　7. There being +名词（代词）如：　　There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。　　There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。　　8. It being +名词（代词）如：　　It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。　　It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。　　独立主格结构的特点：　　1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。　　2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。　　3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。　　举例：　　The test finished, we began our holiday.　　= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.　　考试结束了，我们开始放假。　　The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.　　= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.　　总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。　　Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　　　如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。　　This done, we went home.　　　工作完成后，我们才回家。　　The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.　　　会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。　　He came into the room, his ears red with cold.　　他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。　　He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.　　他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆　　注：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。　　如：Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别开着窗睡觉。　　He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。　　She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。　　He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。　　I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。　　He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。　　All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。　　I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。使用独立主格五点注意：　　1.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。　　2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。　　(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。　　(2)在There being＋名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。　　3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.　　4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。)　　独立主格结构的用法　　独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 　　1. 用作时间状语：The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。　　2. 用作条件状语：Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。　　3. 用作原因状语：An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。　　4. 用作伴随状语：He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。　　5.表示补充说明：We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。　　*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。