托福阅读灌溉(托福阅读controversy about causing)

托福阅读controversy about causing

无人机英文介绍President Barack Obama has confirmed the US is using unmanned aircraft to target suspected militants in tribal areas of Pakistan. He defended the drone attacks， saying they made precision strikes and were kept on a “tight leash1”.　　What are drones used for and how are they controlled？　　To the military， they are UAVs （Unmanned Aerial Vehicles） or RPAS （Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems）. However， they are more commonly known as drones.　　Drones are used in situations where manned flight is considered too risky or difficult. They provide troops with a 24-hour “eye in the sky”， seven days a week. Each aircraft can stay aloft2 for up to 17 hours at a time， loitering3 over an area and sending back real-time imagery of activities on the ground.　　Those used by the United States Air Force and Royal Air Force range from small intelligence， surveillance and reconnaissance craft， some light enough to be launched by hand， to medium-sized armed drones and large spy planes.　

Key Uses：　　Intelligence， surveillance4， reconnaissance5　　Checking for roadside bombs or devices on landing areas　　Listening to mobile phone conversations　　Helping understand daily routine of locals to see what is normal behavior　　Close Air Support　　Following or attacking suspected insurgents　　Although the US does not routinely speak publicly about operations involving drones， President Obama has confirmed that they regularly strike suspected militants in Pakistan’s tribal areas.　　The use of such unmanned aircraft in the area began under President George W. Bush， but their use has more than doubled under the Obama administration.　　Drones are seen by many in the military as delivering precision strikes without the need for more intrusive7 military action. However， they are not without controversy.　　Hundreds of people have been killed by the strikes in Pakistan—civilians as well as militants， causing outrage. One of the deadliest attacks was in March 2011 when 40 were killed， many believed to be civilians at a tribal meeting.

托福阅读loie fuller

（Balletto）或舞剧（Balli）。最初的芭蕾舞以一种宫廷舞蹈的形式出现，是用来表演宫廷盛典和婚礼等特殊场合的娱乐活动。

随着时间的推移和欧洲文艺复兴运动的兴起，芭蕾舞逐渐发展成为一种具有艺术价值的表演艺术形式。在17世纪，芭蕾舞开始在法国贵族圈子流行，成为皇室宴会和宫廷文化的重要组成部分，同时也开始演变成一种独立的艺术形式。

18世纪末期，芭蕾舞得到了法国国王的大力支持，以及法国当时最杰出的男性芭蕾编舞家尚-乔治·挪尔的贡献，芭蕾舞在艺术形式上经过多年的发展和改良，终于成为如今我们所熟悉的现代芭蕾舞形态。

因此，可以说芭蕾舞的起源比较久远，起初是作为一种宫廷娱乐活动而存在，后来逐渐演变成为一种有着深厚艺术内涵的表演艺术形式，历经了多个国家和角色的改变，最终成为全球广为流传的一种艺术。

托福阅读训练

TOEFL阅读部分包括三种题型：细节理解题、推断题和作者意图题。

细节理解题：要求考生在文本中找到具体的信息细节，如时间、地点、人物、事件等，回答问题。这种题型需要考生仔细阅读文本，准确理解问题，定位到正确的信息细节。

推断题：要求考生从文本中推断出一些信息，如作者的态度、意图、推理等。这种题型需要考生在理解文本的基础上进行推断，分析文本中的线索和语言表达，推断出作者的意图和观点。

作者意图题：要求考生分析文本中作者的意图和观点，以及文本的结构和组织方式。这种题型需要考生深入理解文本的主题和目的，分析文本的语言、结构、逻辑等方面，理解作者的意图和写作目的。

托福考试 阅读

托福阅读首先词汇量要够，其次要找一些做阅读理解的方法，有了方法要勤加练习，多多训练才会有效果，这里给出几种建议。

1.要多观察

当你拿到一篇文章的时候，我们可以将文章的首段或者每段的内容时行概括，这样我就知道你所读的文章讲的是什么内容，此我们就不用去通读文章，节约大家的考试时间。

2.进行引导阅读

对于一篇阅读文章700多字，大概分成5-6个段落，这时大家可以将文章的标题、副题、图片或者首句假设成问题的话，那你就可以将问写在它们的位置上，这样我们就可以在阅读文章的时候将可能会出现的出题点给掌握。

3.阅读时要做标记

在阅读时可以将自己遇到了自己所要答问题的关键记号或者短语的时候，我们将它们标记下来，并且将它们积累起来，那么对于你的文章脉络掌握就更加的清晰了，为之后的做题也提供了支撑。如果在之后的题目当中出现与这些关键词或

答案。

4.阅读时要注意用排除法

托福阅读中有些题目枝干信息太多，但都是干扰项，如果逐字阅读的话会很浪费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中挖掘一下方向，如果有几项答案自相矛盾或者意思明显相反，就可以直接排除，然后再对模糊选项进行确认，这时候再回到正文中细读相关信息就会很省力。

5阅读时要善于猜词

托福阅读考试没有必要去读懂每一个词。如所遇到的词对理解全文及答题不构成任何困难，则不必理会它的词义，但所碰到的词使你在理解全文，甚至回答问题时出现困难，则要设法去猜测其词义。 猜测词义要从两方面着手：

一个是其所在句子的上下文，及前后的词语，探其究竟。如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，你可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的还是否定的，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了。

托福阅读 托福阅读representative government

n.注意; 笔记; 注解; 便条; vt.注意; 记录; 对…加注释; 指出;

n.

1、a brief record of facts, topics, or thoughts, written down as an aid to memory

记录，笔记

I'll make a note in my diary

我会在日记里作记录的

Robyn arranged her notes on the lectern.

罗宾将她的讲稿在讲台上放好。

2、a short comment on or explanation of a word or passage in a book or article; an annotation

注释；评注

see note iv above .

见上文注iv。

2.a short informal letter or written message

便条

I left her a note explaining where I was going.

我给她留了便条告诉她我去哪了。

an official letter sent from the representative of one government to another

（一国政府代表递交另一国政府的）照会。

[usu. with adj. or noun modifier]a short official document that certifies a particular thing

（证明某种情况的）简短书面证明

you need a sick note from your doctor.

你得有医生开的生病证明。

3、Brit. a banknote

〈英〉 钞票

a ten-pound note.

一张10英镑的钞票。

a written promise or notice of payment of various kinds

票据（包括各种书面付款承诺及付款通知）

a credit note.

（商店给客户的）等价商品调换单。

托福阅读species competition

是表达将来时

1. 表示将来打算、计划去做或者有意去做的事。表示将来打算、计划去做或者有意去做的事。

2. 表示根据现有情况、某种迹象，判断将要或即将发生的动作。此时不含有主观意图，只是表示说话人对客观事态发展的判断或推测，此时主语可以是人，也可以是物。

1. Hi James. I’m stuck in a huge traffic jam. I’m going to be around 30 minutes late.

2. Jim: “I won some money in a competition last night!”

Dennis: “Fantastic! What are you going to do with it?”

3. Some species of animal are down to the last few. They are going to become extinct soon.

4. Are you going to visit your parents tonight?

5. This t-shirt is really poor quality. I’m going to return it to the shop I bought it from.

6. I think you boys should stop playing football on this dangerous road. You are going to hurt yourselves.

7. Julie ate some bad food yesterday. She’s going to vomit.

8. The car engine is making a really strange sound. It isn’t going to survive for much longer.

9. I finally reached my savings target. I’m going to buy a nice new car this weekend.

10. Ken and I are going to play badminton this week. Do you want to join us?

11. Unfortunately, the world is going to become more and more polluted in the coming years.

12. George: “Jessie found a tiny kitten in the front garden.”

Cathy: “What is she going to do with it?”

13. What are you going to wear to the party on Friday?